InInshirahislamically integrated self-help
ApproachMindfulness
Time20 minutes
1If sitting still with your eyes closed has never worked, do it moving. Walking, washing up, gardening: the exercise is the same, and there is something to hold on to.
MindfulnessGrounding and settling20 minutesQur'an 3:191

Sitting meditation asks for the hardest possible version of the task, sustained inward attention with nothing outside to grip. Attach attention to something ongoing instead, the feel of your feet, the water, the smell of soil, and the demand drops sharply while the training stays. You still notice you have drifted, and you still come back. That is the part that counts.

Islamic evidence

who remember God standing, sitting, and lying down (Quran 3:191). Remembrance is described in every position a body takes, so the form is not the point.

who remember God standing, sitting, and lying down, who reflect on the creation of the heavens and earth: ‘Our Lord! You have not created all this without purpose- You are far above that!- so protect us from the torment of the Fire

Qur'an 3:191

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis of 47 trials found meditation programmes produced small but consistent improvements in anxiety, depression and pain, and no evidence that meditation outperformed other active approaches such as exercise. There is no reason, then, to treat sitting still as the gold standard version of this. That review compared formal programmes rather than testing moving practice specifically.

Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, Gould NF, Rowland-Seymour A, Sharma R, Berger Z, Sleicher D, Maron DD, Shihab HM, Ranasinghe PD, Linn S, Saha S, Bass EB, Haythornthwaite JA. (2014). JAMA internal medicine · doi

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Why it works. An outside anchor gives wandering attention somewhere obvious to return to.

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2Walk somewhere at a deliberately slower pace than normal. Stop now and then to look at something properly, and let your breathing settle into the pace.
MindfulnessGrounding and settling20 minutesQur'an 67:15

Choosing to go slower is itself the exercise, because it is a small piece of holding back that you can actually feel. Ten minutes is plenty. Outdoors adds something, though a corridor will do. If your head is going round and round, this tends to interrupt it more reliably than sitting down and trying to stop the thoughts head on.

Islamic evidence

travel its regions; eat His provision (Quran 67:15). Going out into the world and taking it in is described as the ordinary use of a life.

It is He who has made the earth manageable for you––travel its regions; eat His provision- and to Him you will be resurrected

Qur'an 67:15

Psychological evidence

A narrative review of the physiological effects of being outdoors reports fairly consistent short term drops in stress markers, with most studies small. That supports going outside for the walk where you can. Whether walking slowly on purpose adds anything beyond walking is not something those studies looked at.

Haluza D, Schönbauer R, Cervinka R. (2014). International journal of environmental research and public health · doi

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Why it works. Slowing your body down slows the rest of you, and having something to look at leaves less room for circling.

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3If your child is learning to settle, learn it alongside them rather than supervising. Parents who practise report less stress of their own and less flying off the handle.
MindfulnessGrounding and settling20 minutesQur'an 16:80

Attention difficulties run in families, so the adult in the room is often working with much the same wiring at the end of a longer day. Practising together takes the spotlight off the child and quietly changes the thing they actually live inside, which is how you are with them. It also gives them a model that does not arrive as an instruction.

Islamic evidence

It is God who has given you a place of rest in your homes (Quran 16:80). The home is named as where rest is meant to happen, which puts the parent's own state squarely in the picture.

It is God who has given you a place of rest in your homes and from the skins of animals made you homes that you find light [to handle] when you travel and when you set up camp; furnishings and comfort for a while from their wool, fur, and hair

Qur'an 16:80

Psychological evidence

Kindness based meditation practices showed positive effects on wellbeing and on compassion towards oneself and others across randomised trials, though those trials were small and often lacked an active comparison group. Warmth towards yourself and towards the other person is precisely what comes under strain in a difficult evening. The evidence is encouraging rather than strong, so treat it as worth trying.

Galante J, Galante I, Bekkers MJ, Gallacher J. (2014). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A calmer adult changes the whole household, which is more than any child can do for themselves.

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4If your imagination runs away with you, use it rather than fight it. Guided imagery gives a vivid mind somewhere to go.
MindfulnessGrounding and settling20 minutesQur'an 40:64

Being able to disappear into a scene is a real ability, even when it has mostly got you into trouble at school and in meetings. A recording that walks you through a place in detail puts that ability to work. The voice matters more than people expect: if a narrator irritates you the practice will not land, so try several and drop the ones that grate without treating it as another thing you failed at.

Islamic evidence

He shaped you, formed you well (Quran 40:64). The mind you were given, including the part that wanders off into pictures, was part of that shaping.

It is God who has given you the earth for a dwelling place and the heavens for a canopy. He shaped you, formed you well, and provided you with good things. Such is God your Lord, so glory be to Him, the Lord of the Worlds

Qur'an 40:64

Psychological evidence

A randomised experiment comparing mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation and loving kindness practice found they did not all do the same thing, with mindful breathing producing the most decentering. Different practices work along different routes, so a poor fit with one says little about the next. That study did not test guided imagery, so read this as a reason to keep sampling rather than as evidence for the technique itself.

Feldman G, Greeson J, Senville J. (2010). Behaviour research and therapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. It is easier to point a strong habit somewhere useful than to shut it down.

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5The hidden finger tap is weaker than a mark on paper. Better to know that now than to find it out when it fails you.
MindfulnessThe moment before you snap20 minutesQur'an 16:98

A written page holds you to it. The marks are still there afterwards, and there is no pretending you drifted for ten minutes. So learn it that way first, until the noticing is second nature. The tap is for taking it out into the world once the noticing no longer needs propping up.

Islamic evidence

when you recite the Quran, seek God's protection from the outcast, Satan (Quran 16:98). The protection is set up at the start, before anything has gone wrong, which is the same order of operations.

[Prophet], when you recite the Quran, seek God’s protection from the outcast, Satan

Qur'an 16:98

Psychological evidence

A twelve week mindfulness and kindness programme improved preschoolers' self regulation and their sharing compared with a control group. What stands out is the twelve weeks: these capacities came with sustained practice rather than one good sitting. It was young children in classrooms, a long way from an adult with a notepad, so take it as a point about duration.

Flook L, Goldberg SB, Pinger L, Davidson RJ. (2015). Developmental psychology · doi

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Why it works. Something you can see afterwards keeps you more honest than something that leaves no trace.

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6It helps to get one real taste of this early, in a single sitting, rather than waiting weeks to find out whether any of it is for you.
MindfulnessThe moment before you snap20 minutesQur'an 23:98

A first go that actually works gives you a reason to come back, and plenty of people never do come back. But one sitting builds nothing on its own. Whatever changes comes from the small amount you do in between, on ordinary days, when nothing has happened yet.

Islamic evidence

I seek refuge with you, Lord, so that they may not come near me (Quran 23:98). The asking is done ahead of time, before anything has come near, which is the reason to practise on a quiet day.

I seek refuge with you, Lord, so that they may not come near me.’

Qur'an 23:98

Psychological evidence

In a randomised study, repeated practice at small everyday self control tasks improved how people did on later self control tasks, which suggests this is a capacity that answers to training rather than a fixed allowance. The study was small and short term, so how long any gain lasts is unknown. It still points at the days in between rather than at the one good session.

Cranwell J, Benford S, Houghton RJ, Golembewski M, Fischer JE, Hagger MS. (2014). Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking · doi

Review detail

Why it works. An early taste keeps you interested, and repetition is what actually builds the skill.

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7Pick the news channel you cannot stand and watch ten minutes of it on purpose. The only job is to notice what rises in you and let it go by.
MindfulnessMaking it stick20 minutesQur'an 41:35

Real provocation turns up when you are least ready for it. This gives you the feeling with nothing at stake: the indignation, the tightening, the urge to argue with a screen. Watch it come and watch it go, then stop while it is still comfortably manageable.

Islamic evidence

Only those who are steadfast in patience, only those who are blessed with great righteousness, will attain to such goodness (Quran 41:35). The verse is about answering a bad turn with a better one, which is the capacity this rehearsal is building.

but only those who are steadfast in patience, only those who are blessed with great righteousness, will attain to such goodness

Qur'an 41:35

Psychological evidence

A randomised trial with young people who had high levels of worry and rumination found that a six week group training reduced the later onset of anxiety and depression. That supports building a skill before the crisis rather than during it. It was a prevention trial in young people, not a study of deliberately winding yourself up, so the parallel is with the timing rather than the method.

Topper M, Emmelkamp PM, Watkins E, Ehring T. (2017). Behaviour research and therapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Practising the response while genuinely stirred is what makes it available when it is a person and not a screen.

When not to. Choose material that irritates rather than material that frightens, and leave it alone if it touches something you have actually lived through.

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8Even one go at this leaves you with something. You have seen for yourself that the anger can be handled, and that does not expire when you walk out of the room.
MindfulnessThe moment before you snap20 minutesQur'an 42:37

The picture is not killing the anger off. It is closer to getting a big animal under control and walking it home: still strong, still yours, going roughly where you point it. Plenty of people only ever do this once. If that turns out to be you, the thing worth keeping is the memory of the moment you had hold of it.

Islamic evidence

who shun great sins and gross indecencies; who forgive when they are angry (Quran 42:37). The forgiving happens while the anger is still live, so the anger itself is not the thing being got rid of.

who shun great sins and gross indecencies; who forgive when they are angry

Qur'an 42:37

Psychological evidence

In a randomised controlled trial, brief therapist supported internet treatments teaching either mindful awareness of emotion or reinterpreting a situation both reduced problematic anger, and combining the two added nothing clear. Short does appear to do something. Those were still structured programmes with support, so a single sitting has rather less behind it than that.

Bjureberg J, Ojala O, Berg A, Edvardsson E, Kolbeinsson Ö, Molander O, Morin E, Nordgren L, Palme K, Särnholm J, Wedin L, Rück C, Gross JJ, Hesser H. (2023). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · doi

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Why it works. Having felt yourself hold anger once makes it believable that you could do it again.

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9The real skill is not spotting the hole in their reasoning. It is running the same test on the belief you hold most tightly.
MindfulnessEquanimity and perspective20 minutesQur'an 53:39

Pick something you are sure of, something you would defend at a family dinner, and ask what it would look like if it were only mostly true. Where does it fail. Who does it fail. Doing that once, honestly, on your own ground does more for your temper than a hundred rounds of taking apart somebody else's argument.

Islamic evidence

man will only have what he has worked towards (Quran 53:39). Attention drifts to what other people have got wrong, and this pulls it back to your own portion.

that man will only have what he has worked towards

Qur'an 53:39

Psychological evidence

In a randomised trial with students who had symptoms of depression and anxiety, three sessions of either the Attention Training Technique or mindful self-compassion reduced symptoms, with neither clearly better than the other. Two quite different methods arriving at much the same place is a useful reminder that no single framework holds all of it. The trial was small and short, and it was not a test of self-scrutiny.

Haukaas RB, Gjerde IB, Varting G, Hallan HE, Solem S. (2018). Frontiers in psychology · doi

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Why it works. A belief you have already questioned yourself does not need defending when someone else prods it.

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10If you are moving attention through the body, start at the feet and work up. Leave the throat, the chest and the face until last.
MindfulnessFeeling from the inside20 minutesQur'an 40:19

The far edges of the body carry less charge, so they are a gentle place to find your bearings. Include the back, which people tend to skip: attention to what is behind you, resting against the chair, usually feels like being held up rather than exposed. Stop wherever it gets loud. Reaching the top of the head was never the point.

Islamic evidence

God is aware of the most furtive of glances, and of all that hearts conceal (Quran 40:19). Even the parts of you facing away are not out of view, including the back you cannot see.

God is aware of the most furtive of glances, and of all that hearts conceal

Qur'an 40:19

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis of MRI studies of meditation found consistent involvement of the insula, the region that maps the internal state of the body. That tells you attention to the body has a reliable footprint in the brain. It says nothing about which order to move through the body in, which remains clinical practice rather than a finding.

Boccia M, Piccardi L, Guariglia P. (2015). BioMed research international · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Beginning where feeling is quieter lets you build some confidence before you reach the tender places.

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11There is a difference between watching your hand and being in your hand. See whether you can move from looking at a part of your body to living inside it.
MindfulnessFeeling from the inside20 minutesQur'an 91:7

Observing keeps a small distance, which is useful early on and can quietly become the whole practice. Inhabiting is the further step: filling the space, taking up residence there. Try it with one region only, somewhere easy like the hands, and give it longer than feels necessary.

Islamic evidence

by the soul and how He formed it (Quran 91:7). The soul and its forming are named in one breath, which is a fair picture of what living inside your body means.

by the soul and how He formed it

Qur'an 91:7

Psychological evidence

A controlled imaging study found that long-term meditators had greater grey matter concentration in regions associated with body awareness than matched non-meditators. The design compares groups at a single moment, so it cannot show that practice caused the difference. What it does support is that sustained attention to the body is bound up with the parts of the brain that map the body.

Hölzel BK, Ott U, Gard T, Hempel H, Weygandt M, Morgen K, Vaitl D. (2008). Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Watching from outside is still a way of staying out, and being inside your body is what you are actually after.

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