InInshirahislamically integrated self-help
ThemeCool the body first
ApproachMindfulness
TimeAny
MomentAny
1Angry eyes are not unfocused, they are too focused. Everything funnels down onto the person or thing in front of you and the rest of the room goes missing.
MindfulnessCool the body first60 secondsQur'an 27:86

That narrowing is part of why anger feels so certain. You are not seeing less because you are careless, you are seeing less because the state does that, and what drops out is usually the context that would have complicated the story. Knowing this in advance is useful, because it gives you a reason to distrust the clarity rather than to trust it.

Islamic evidence

Did they not see that We gave them the night for rest, and the day for light? (Quran 27:86). The question is about what people fail to see while looking straight at it, which is what a narrowed field does to a person.

Did they not see that We gave them the night for rest, and the day for light? There truly are signs in this for those who believe

Qur'an 27:86

Psychological evidence

The narrowing itself is a clinical description rather than a trial finding, and it should be held that way. What has been tested nearby is that compared with a waitlist, a mindfulness-based stress reduction course reduced difficulty in identifying and describing feelings and lowered self-reported hostile and aggressive expression. That fits training attention as a route into anger, without proving anything specific about tunnel vision.

Robins CJ, Keng SL, Ekblad AG, Brantley JG. (2012). Journal of clinical psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A threatened body narrows the field to the threat, and a narrow field makes a partial story look like the whole one.

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2When one thing fills your view, everything around it stops registering. You can be staring hard and taking in almost nothing.
MindfulnessCool the body first5 minutesQur'an 10:67

This is why an angry judgement can feel so sharp and turn out to be so poor. The person in front of you has become the whole picture, and the details that would soften or complicate the story are still there, just not being seen. The useful move is not to argue with yourself about them. It is to change what your eyes are doing, and let the rest come back on its own.

Islamic evidence

The daylight so that you can see (Quran 10:67). Light is given so that a whole scene becomes visible, and not only the one thing you were staring at.

It is He who made the night so that you can rest in it and the daylight so that you can see- there truly are signs in this for those who hear

Qur'an 10:67

Psychological evidence

Be careful not to promise much here. A meta-analysis of meditation programmes found only small improvements in anxiety, depression and pain when compared with active controls, and no clear benefit for mood, attention, sleep or substance use. Attention practices are worth trying and are not a strong treatment on their own. The account of the narrowed visual field is a description of experience rather than a result from those trials.

Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, Gould NF, Rowland-Seymour A, Sharma R, Berger Z, Sleicher D, Maron DD, Shihab HM, Ranasinghe PD, Linn S, Saha S, Bass EB, Haythornthwaite JA. (2014). JAMA internal medicine · doi

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Why it works. What surrounds a thing is what tells you how to read it, and anger is very good at deleting the surroundings.

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3Instead of shutting your eyes, let your gaze go soft and wide: the sky, the far wall, the space above someone's shoulder. Keep them open and let the focus loosen.
MindfulnessCool the body first5 minutesQur'an 48:4

Closing your eyes in front of someone reads as walking out of the conversation, and it often makes things worse. A soft open gaze breaks the lock without saying anything about them. You are still there, still facing them, but you are no longer staring down a tunnel, and the whole exchange usually drops a level within a few breaths.

Islamic evidence

It was He who made His tranquillity descend into the hearts of the believers (Quran 48:4). Calm is spoken of as something arriving from outside you, which fits a practice of opening up rather than gripping harder.

It was He who made His tranquillity descend into the hearts of the believers, to add faith to their faith––the forces of the heavens and earth belong to God; He is all knowing and all wise––

Qur'an 48:4

Psychological evidence

Gaze practices of this kind come from contemplative traditions rather than from trials. The nearest studied relative is tai chi, where a review found reduced stress, anxiety and depression and improved mood, while noting that most included trials were of low methodological quality. Slow contemplative practices look helpful in general; this particular use of the eyes has not been tested.

Wang C, Bannuru R, Ramel J, Kupelnick B, Scott T, Schmid CH. (2010). BMC complementary and alternative medicine · doi

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Why it works. Letting the eyes widen out takes away the fixed stare that both people were feeding.

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4Find something with nothing in it to look at: sky, a blank wall, a ceiling, a stretch of grass. Do not concentrate on it. Let your attention spread out over it.
MindfulnessCool the body first5 minutesQur'an 40:61

Hostile thinking needs something to grip, and it will use whatever the eyes hand it. An expanse with no features gives it nothing, so the replay tends to lose its footing after a minute or so. If you catch yourself picking out a mark on the wall and studying it, you have gone back to concentrating; ease off and let the whole surface be there at once.

Islamic evidence

It is God who has given you the night in which to rest and the day in which to see (Quran 40:61). Seeing is named as a gift alongside rest, and this is a way of using the eyes that rests rather than hunts.

It is God who has given you the night in which to rest and the day in which to see. God is truly bountiful to people, but most people do not give thanks

Qur'an 40:61

Psychological evidence

A randomised controlled trial found that self-guided physical activity, mindfulness meditation and heart rate variability biofeedback all reduced stress and improved wellbeing to a similar degree, which suggests the choice between routes can follow preference. Open gazing was not one of the arms, so it has not been shown to work in its own right. Use that finding as permission to pick what suits you rather than as evidence for this one.

van der Zwan JE, de Vente W, Huizink AC, Bögels SM, de Bruin EI. (2015). Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Rehearsing a grievance needs something to hold on to, and a blank expanse offers nothing to hold.

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5If open awareness sounds like too much, put it plainly: look at the background instead of the thing in front of it. That is the entire instruction.
MindfulnessCool the body first5 minutesQur'an 3:191

People who bounce off contemplative language will happily follow a physical direction about where to point their eyes. Say background, say the space around them, say the wall behind their head. The same move works later on for how someone reads a situation rather than sees it, so it is worth setting the habit up in the eyes first, where it is easy to check.

Islamic evidence

Who reflect on the creation of the heavens and earth (Quran 3:191). Attention is turned to the widest thing available, which is roughly what looking at the background asks of the eyes.

who remember God standing, sitting, and lying down, who reflect on the creation of the heavens and earth: ‘Our Lord! You have not created all this without purpose- You are far above that!- so protect us from the torment of the Fire

Qur'an 3:191

Psychological evidence

Fitting the language to the person is not window dressing. In a randomised controlled trial with Latino adults who had both asthma and panic disorder, a culturally adapted programme combining cognitive behavioural therapy with heart rate variability biofeedback improved panic and asthma outcomes compared with music and relaxation therapy. The adaptation was part of the treatment. That was one trial in one population, so take it as a direction of travel.

Feldman JM, Matte L, Interian A, Lehrer PM, Lu SE, Scheckner B, Steinberg DM, Oken T, Kotay A, Sinha S, Shim C. (2016). Behaviour research and therapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A plain instruction about what to do with your eyes is something a person can actually carry out while angry.

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6If you notice a hard locked stare, in yourself or in the room, look away. Empty space is the safest thing to look at, because it says nothing back.
MindfulnessCool the body first60 secondsQur'an 20:130

Two people staring each other down are feeding one another, and each second of it raises both of them. Breaking that needs no words, which matters, because words are the first thing to go when you are this far up. Look at the floor, the window, the space beside them. You can say you are still listening if the silence needs covering.

Islamic evidence

Be patient with what they say (Quran 20:130). Patience is placed exactly where the provocation is, and looking away is what patience looks like in the body.

so [Prophet] be patient with what they say- celebrate the praise of your Lord, before the rising and setting of the sun, celebrate His praise during the night, and at the beginning and end of the day, so that you may find contentment

Qur'an 20:130

Psychological evidence

What the evidence to hand can offer is indirect. A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and brain imaging found heart rate variability tracked activity in prefrontal and amygdala circuits, which is why it is used as a readout of how well threat responses are being regulated. Whether breaking a stare shows up on such a measure has not been tested. The move itself comes from clinical practice and from how people ordinarily de-escalate.

Thayer JF, Ahs F, Fredrikson M, Sollers JJ, Wager TD. (2012). Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · doi

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Why it works. A held stare keeps both people alarmed, so stopping it lowers the temperature for both at once.

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7Anger pulls your attention towards whatever provoked it, the way a vacuum cleaner pulls at a curtain. Naming it that way makes it something happening to you rather than something wrong with you.
MindfulnessCool the body first60 secondsQur'an 89:27

Rumination is an accurate word and a heavy one, and people who already feel judged tend to close up when it appears. A picture does the same job without the label. Once someone can say the pull is on again, they have something to act on, and there is nothing to defend themselves against.

Islamic evidence

You, soul at peace (Quran 89:27). A state is given a name so it can be spoken to, and naming what is pulling at you works the same way.

‘[But] you, soul at peace

Qur'an 89:27

Psychological evidence

Language helps people stay in the room, and it does not settle what will actually help them. A meta-analysis comparing cognitive therapy with relaxation training found the two were not interchangeable: relaxation did as well as cognitive therapy for generalised anxiety, while cognitive therapy was clearly better for panic. A good metaphor is worth having, and it is not a substitute for choosing a method that fits the problem.

Siev J, Chambless DL. (2007). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · doi

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Why it works. Naming a process rather than a person gives someone something to work with instead of something to argue with.

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8Open gazing and long unfocused staring do not suit everyone. If things start to feel unreal or far away, stop and look at something you can name.
MindfulnessCool the body first5 minutesQur'an 16:80

This caution is usually left out, and it should not be. Practices that are open, unguided and without an anchor are the ones most often followed by feeling detached from yourself or from the room. Before offering this to someone, ask whether they ever feel unreal or outside themselves, and if they do, give them an anchored practice instead. Name three things you can see, feel your feet on the floor, hold something solid.

Islamic evidence

It is God who has given you a place of rest in your homes (Quran 16:80). Somewhere solid and known to come back to is treated as a real provision, and that is what an anchor is doing here.

It is God who has given you a place of rest in your homes and from the skins of animals made you homes that you find light [to handle] when you travel and when you set up camp; furnishings and comfort for a while from their wool, fur, and hair

Qur'an 16:80

Psychological evidence

A small controlled study of depersonalisation found blunted physical arousal in those affected, and that deliberately raising arousal through biofeedback reduced feelings of disembodiment and numbness. The direction of travel for these people is towards the body and towards more arousal, not away from it. The sample was small, and the practical point still stands: not everyone needs quietening, and open practices can take someone further out.

Schoenberg PL, Sierra M, David AS. (2012). Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD) · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Attention with nothing to rest on can drift away from the body altogether, which is the opposite of what you were after.

When not to. Screen for feeling unreal or detached before offering open gazing, and stop the practice if it appears during it.

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