InInshirahislamically integrated self-help
Areaanger
ThemeWhat anger actually is
TimeAny
MomentAfter conflict
1Most outbursts are a last try at getting something across. Underneath the noise there is usually a need that has gone unmet for a long time.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 20:86

It rarely arrives as a message, though. It arrives as volume, and the other person hears the volume and misses the content entirely. Treating it as a failed attempt to be understood gives both people the same job, which is getting the message into a form that can be received.

Islamic evidence

My people, did your Lord not make you a gracious promise? Was my absence too long for you? (Quran 20:86). Musa comes back angry and puts it as a question about a promise, which is the message the anger was carrying.

Moses returned to his people, angry and aggrieved. He said, ‘My people, did your Lord not make you a gracious promise? Was my absence too long for you? Did you want anger to fall on you from your Lord and so broke your word to me?’

Qur'an 20:86

Psychological evidence

In a randomised controlled trial of skills training for borderline personality disorder, the benefit ran partly through a shift from destructive or suppressed anger towards assertive anger, meaning anger that states a need rather than attacks. What changed was the form, not whether the anger was there. One trial in one clinical group, so take it as encouraging rather than settled.

Kramer U, Pascual-Leone A, Berthoud L, de Roten Y, Marquet P, Kolly S, Despland JN, Page D. (2016). Clinical psychology & psychotherapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. If the goal was being understood, there are better routes to it, and that is something two people can work on together.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0014-a-bid-not-a-bomb

Feedback

none yet
On:
2A lot of anger carries a hidden demand: you damaged how I feel about myself, so now you restore it. That leaves your steadiness in somebody else's hands.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 70:20

It feels like the opposite of dependence, all force and self-sufficiency, which is why it goes unnoticed. Look at the shape of the complaint. If the only thing that would settle you is an apology delivered exactly right, the repair has been handed over, and it may never come back. Building a sense of your own worth that does not need their cooperation is slow work, and it is the part that lasts.

Islamic evidence

he is fretful when misfortune touches him (Quran 70:20). The reflex to demand relief from outside is described as ordinary human wiring, not a private disgrace.

he is fretful when misfortune touches him

Qur'an 70:20

Psychological evidence

In a survey of 335 hospital nurses, rigid beliefs about how other people ought to behave, together with a habit of dwelling on slights, predicted whether anger got bottled up or came out destructively. Firm expectations of others were part of what shaped where it went. This was a cross-sectional survey in one profession, so it maps a pattern rather than showing what causes what.

Ham EM, You MJ. (2018). Workplace health & safety · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Anything that depends on another person behaving a certain way can be withheld, and waiting for it keeps you stuck.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0016-repair-handed-to-someone-else

Feedback

none yet
On:
3Anger feels righteous while it lasts. The useful moment comes later, when the regret shows up and the story has gone quiet.
CoreWhat anger actually is20 minutesQur'an 21:87

Nobody changes course mid-shout, and pressing then only adds fuel. Hours or a day afterwards there is usually a stretch where a person is uncomfortable about what they did and not yet defending it. Conversations started there go somewhere, so it is worth arranging your time to be around for it rather than a fortnight later.

Islamic evidence

but then he cried out in the deep darkness, there is no God but You, glory be to You, I was wrong (Quran 21:87). Yunus went off angry and the turn came afterwards, in the dark, not in the storming off.

And remember the man with the whale,when he went off angrily, thinking We could not restrict him, but then he cried out in the deep darkness, ‘There is no God but You, glory be to You, I was wrong.’

Qur'an 21:87

Psychological evidence

Work developing a standard measure of guilt and shame proneness separates guilt about an action from shame about the self, and shows the two predict different behaviour, with guilt the one tied to putting things right. So the bad feeling after an outburst is not all one thing, and which sort it is matters for what happens next. This was measure development in general samples, not a study of when to time a session.

Cohen TR, Wolf ST, Panter AT, Insko CA. (2011). Journal of personality and social psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Being uneasy about what you did is what makes doing it differently feel worth the trouble.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0018-the-morning-after-window

Feedback

none yet
On:
4Holding anger in does not hide it. It comes out in the face, the shoulders and the shortness of your answers, and the person opposite reads all of it.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 3:159

This is why gritted politeness so often makes things worse rather than better. They can feel something and now they cannot ask about it. Saying the smaller true thing, that you are annoyed and would rather talk later, usually costs less than a performance nobody believes.

Islamic evidence

had you been harsh, or hard-hearted, they would have dispersed and left you (Quran 3:159). Harshness is described as something people sense and move away from.

By an act of mercy from God, you [Prophet] were gentle in your dealings with them- had you been harsh, or hard-hearted, they would have dispersed and left you- so pardon them and ask forgiveness for them. Consult with them about matters, then, when you have…

Qur'an 3:159

Psychological evidence

Across 306 experimental comparisons, deliberately changing how you think about a situation reliably shifted how it felt, while simply trying to hide the feeling was among the least effective strategies studied. Concealment is the option that does the least. These were short laboratory manipulations rather than long evenings at home, so the numbers travel loosely.

Webb TL, Miles E, Sheeran P. (2012). Psychological bulletin · doi

Review detail

Why it works. The signal leaks through the body, so hiding the words only removes the part that could have explained it.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0061-it-shows-anyway

Feedback

none yet
On:
5Some anger arrives with an argument already inside it: that they disrespected you, that this is not how you are meant to be treated. It burns cooler than the sudden kind and it lasts much longer.
CoreWhat anger actually is20 minutesQur'an 5:8

Because it is made of a story, it can be handled at the level of the story. What did that gesture actually mean. What would it mean if they were simply tired. Whether one person treating you badly settles anything at all about your worth. Those questions do nothing for a sudden flare, and with this kind they are most of the work.

Islamic evidence

do not let hatred of others lead you away from justice (Quran 5:8). What you feel about how you were treated bends your judgement, and the instruction takes that for granted.

You who believe, be steadfast in your devotion to God and bear witness impartially: do not let hatred of others lead you away from justice, but adhere to justice, for that is closer to awareness of God. Be mindful of God: God is well aware of all that you do

Qur'an 5:8

Psychological evidence

In a survey of 335 hospital nurses, rigid beliefs about how other people ought to behave, alongside a habit of dwelling on slights, predicted whether anger came out destructively or got bottled up. Firm expectations of others were part of the machinery. It was cross-sectional and in one profession, so it shows an association rather than a cause.

Ham EM, You MJ. (2018). Workplace health & safety · doi

Review detail

Why it works. An insult only stings for as long as you accept its account of you.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0089-the-anger-with-a-story

Feedback

none yet
On:
6The cooler, story-shaped anger is not the safer one. It lasts, it gets rehearsed, and it has time to make plans.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 59:10

A flare passes in minutes. Something you have been going over for a fortnight can arrive somewhere far worse, because you have had time to build the case and to picture what you would say or do. If you notice a grievance being polished, treat that as the signal to take it somewhere, to a friend or to someone whose job it is, rather than as harmless thinking.

Islamic evidence

leave no malice in our hearts towards those who believe (Quran 59:10). What stays in the heart after the incident is treated as its own matter, worth asking to be relieved of.

Those who came after them say, ‘Lord, forgive us our sins and the sins of our brothers who believed before us, and leave no malice in our hearts towards those who believe. Lord, You are truly compassionate and merciful.’

Qur'an 59:10

Psychological evidence

In three small experimental studies, dwelling on past provocations, guilty moments and sad times made those events feel as though they had happened more recently than they had. Rehearsing keeps the thing close, which is part of why an old insult can still feel present tense. They were small studies of remembered events rather than long grievances, so take it as an illustration.

Siedlecka E, Capper MM, Denson TF. (2015). PloS one · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Going over it keeps it alive and gives it room to grow instead of fading.

When not to. If you find yourself picturing how you would hurt someone, speak to somebody about it today rather than managing it alone.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0090-slow-burn-still-burns

Feedback

none yet
On:
7Emotions are loud on purpose. The intensity is your system saying that something here matters, so the question worth asking is what it thinks is at stake.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 20:86

Ask it plainly. What was about to be lost, what was being said about you, what you were protecting. The answer is usually smaller and more reasonable than the volume suggested, and once you have it you can deal with the actual thing rather than the noise around it.

Islamic evidence

My people, did your Lord not make you a gracious promise? Was my absence too long for you? (Quran 20:86). Underneath the anger is a promise that was broken, which is what it was shouting about.

Moses returned to his people, angry and aggrieved. He said, ‘My people, did your Lord not make you a gracious promise? Was my absence too long for you? Did you want anger to fall on you from your Lord and so broke your word to me?’

Qur'an 20:86

Psychological evidence

A validation study of an anger scale separated what people do when angry from what they are trying to achieve by it, supporting the view that anger is aimed at something rather than purely reactive. Asking what it is aimed at is a fair question to put to it. It was a questionnaire validation, so it shows the two can be measured apart and not what your own anger is after.

Recchia S, Steffgen G, Weber H, Kubiak T. (2010). L'Encephale · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Strength of feeling marks importance, so it points you at what to look at rather than telling you what to do.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0091-the-volume-means-something

Feedback

none yet
On:
8You can take somebody's fire seriously without approving of what they did with it. Both halves have to be there.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 12:53

Drop the first half and you get a lecture nobody listens to. Drop the second and you end up admiring something that hurt people. Said properly it sounds like this: I can see there is real force in you, and I am not going to pretend last Tuesday was acceptable. That pairing is what keeps a hard conversation from collapsing into either flattery or a telling off.

Islamic evidence

I do not pretend to be blameless (Quran 12:53). Said by a prophet about himself, which is the tone to aim for: honest about the conduct, not contemptuous of the person.

I do not pretend to be blameless, for man’s very soul incites him to evil unless my Lord shows mercy: He is most forgiving, most merciful.’

Qur'an 12:53

Psychological evidence

Research developing a standard measure of guilt and shame proneness separates guilt about a particular action from shame about the whole self, and the two predict different behaviour, with guilt the one tied to putting things right. Aiming at the act rather than the person has something behind it. It was measure development in general samples, so it describes tendencies rather than prescribing how to speak to anyone.

Cohen TR, Wolf ST, Panter AT, Insko CA. (2011). Journal of personality and social psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. People will hear an objection from somebody who has not written them off.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0103-respect-without-approval

Feedback

none yet
On:
9Anger works by sorting the world into me and not me. Once someone has landed on the wrong side of that line, everything they do starts reading as evidence.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 15:47

You can feel the sorting happen if you watch for it. Their tone becomes proof, their silence becomes proof, the way they load the dishwasher becomes proof. The way back is small and specific: one true thing you have in common with them, or one moment when they were on your side. It rarely settles the argument and it does take heat out.

Islamic evidence

We shall remove any bitterness from their hearts: they will be like brothers, sitting on couches, face to face (Quran 15:47). The picture of resolution is people restored to the same side, which is exactly what anger undoes.

and We shall remove any bitterness from their hearts: [they will be like] brothers, sitting on couches, face to face

Qur'an 15:47

Psychological evidence

Across 306 experimental comparisons, deliberately changing how you think about a situation reliably shifted how it felt, while trying to hide the feeling was among the least effective strategies tested. Re-reading who somebody is falls squarely in the first category. These were short laboratory manipulations rather than family disputes, so expect a smaller effect at home.

Webb TL, Miles E, Sheeran P. (2012). Psychological bulletin · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Once a person is filed under enemy, everything gets read to fit, and one honest exception loosens the file.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0147-us-and-them

Feedback

none yet
On:
10Defence starts at a boundary. When anger flares, something has been read as crossing a line, so the question worth asking is which line.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 42:41

The answer is often smaller and clearer than the reaction: being spoken over, being made to look stupid in front of someone, having your time taken without anyone asking. Once you can name the line you can say it as a sentence rather than defending it with volume. Lines stated plainly get respected more often than lines defended loudly.

Islamic evidence

There is no cause to act against anyone who defends himself after being wronged (Quran 42:41). Defence is tied to an actual wrong, which is why naming the wrong matters.

There is no cause to act against anyone who defends himself after being wronged

Qur'an 42:41

Psychological evidence

Experimental work comparing negative states found that regret, guilt, shame, anger and sadness are experienced as distinct, with different appraisals behind each, which supports the effort of naming precisely what happened rather than settling for upset. Precision here is practical rather than fussy. These were controlled comparisons of experience and not studies of how people state boundaries.

van Tilburg WA, Igou ER. (2017). Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A boundary you can put into words can be asked for, while one you only feel has to be fought over.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0148-what-line-was-crossed

Feedback

none yet
On:
11If you have been told that anger passes quickly, that is only half true. Roughly half of episodes do settle inside the hour, which also means the other half are still going.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 7:154

It helps to know which kind you are having. Anger that fades on its own within the hour is mostly your body coming back down. Anger that is still burning at hour two is usually being kept alight by going back over what happened, and that needs a different sort of help than waiting it out.

Islamic evidence

When Moses' anger abated, he picked up the Tablets (Quran 7:154). Even the anger that shook a prophet had a downslope, and the work was still there waiting on the other side of it.

When Moses’ anger abated, he picked up the Tablets, on which were inscribed guidance and mercy for those who stood in awe of their Lord

Qur'an 7:154

Psychological evidence

In three small experimental studies, people who dwelt on a past provocation felt as though it had happened more recently than it actually had, which is part of why a grudge stays fresh. A separate laboratory study of 69 couples found aggression was highest when dwelling was high, reframing was rare and alcohol was involved. Both are small and run in controlled settings, so read them as a direction rather than a measure of your own hour.

Siedlecka E, Capper MM, Denson TF. (2015). PloS one · doi

Watkins LE, DiLillo D, Maldonado RC. (2015). Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Short anger fades by itself, but long anger is being fed by the retelling, so the retelling is the thing to change.

When not to. If the anger regularly outlasts a whole day, or if drinking is usually part of it, that is worth taking to someone rather than managing on your own.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0170-half-of-anger-passes

Feedback

none yet
On:
12Anger takes speech in one of two directions. Some of us go silent and let the face carry it, others turn suddenly fluent and very precise.
CoreWhat anger actually is60 secondsQur'an 7:150

Being articulate under provocation feels like being in control, and the two are easy to confuse. A cleanly aimed sentence often does more damage than a shout, partly because it was aimed. Worth knowing which way you tend to go, because that is the one to watch for in yourself.

Islamic evidence

How foul and evil is what you have done in my absence (Quran 7:150), said by a prophet on his return. Anger can be perfectly articulate and still be anger.

On his return to his people, angry and aggrieved, Moses said, ‘How foul and evil is what you have done in my absence! Were you so keen to bring your Lord’s judgement forward?’ He threw the tablets down and seized his brother by the hair, pulling him towards…

Qur'an 7:150

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis of 306 experimental comparisons found that deliberately changing how you think about a situation reliably shifted how it felt, while simply trying to hide the feeling was among the least effective things to do. That covers the silent pole directly: going quiet and holding it in tends not to work. It says nothing about eloquence, so treat that half as clinical observation rather than tested finding.

Webb TL, Miles E, Sheeran P. (2012). Psychological bulletin · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Fluent, cutting speech is anger reaching for a sharper tool, not anger cooling down.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0190-eloquence-is-not-calm

Feedback

none yet
On:
13Letting it all out does not drain the anger off. Every rehearsal of the row, out loud or in your head, is practice, and practice makes the response easier to reach next time.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 3:134

The comeback composed in the shower, the retelling to a friend that gets a little sharper each time, the pillow taking a beating: all of it keeps the body switched on and the story alive. This is not an argument for swallowing things. It is an argument that discharge and relief are not the same, and that what settles anger is looking at it differently rather than performing it again.

Islamic evidence

Who restrain their anger and pardon people (Quran 3:134). Restraint here is not pretending you are not angry, it is what you do with the anger once it is already there.

who give, both in prosperity and adversity, who restrain their anger and pardon people- God loves those who do good

Qur'an 3:134

Psychological evidence

Laboratory work found that simply recalling an anger provoking event was not itself the problem. Going over it kept the anger going and raised blood pressure, while rethinking the same memory brought both down. A separate experiment with 516 social drinkers found alcohol raised aggression mainly among those who dwelt on the provocation, which suggests the dwelling is the active ingredient.

Ray RD, Wilhelm FH, Gross JJ. (2008). Journal of personality and social psychology · doi

Borders A, Giancola PR. (2011). Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Whatever you rehearse you get better at, including being angry.

When not to. Holding back an outburst is not the same as ignoring a real wrong, and if something needs saying it still needs saying, later and more plainly.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0220-venting-is-rehearsal

Feedback

none yet
On:
14Here is an odd one: anger is often a way of avoiding conflict. Saying what you actually need is exposing, negotiating is hard work, and losing your temper ends the conversation.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 21:87

Notice what happens straight after an outburst. The difficult subject has usually gone. Nobody is asking what you were afraid of or what you want, and the room has moved on to how you behaved instead. If the argument reliably stops the harder conversation, that is worth knowing about yourself.

Islamic evidence

Remember the man with the whale, when he went off angrily (Quran 21:87). Leaving in anger is described plainly, and what it cost him came afterwards.

And remember the man with the whale,when he went off angrily, thinking We could not restrict him, but then he cried out in the deep darkness, ‘There is no God but You, glory be to You, I was wrong.’

Qur'an 21:87

Psychological evidence

A meta-analytic mapping of common ways people handle emotion found that acceptance, tolerating distress and not judging what you feel group together and sit apart from avoidance based strategies. That suggests staying in a hard conversation is a separate skill from getting out of one, and separate skills can be built. The mapping rests on questionnaires, so it describes how these things cluster rather than showing one causes the other.

Naragon-Gainey K, McMahon TP, Chacko TP. (2017). Psychological bulletin · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Blowing up closes the conversation, and a closed conversation cannot ask anything of you.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0264-anger-as-the-exit

Feedback

none yet
On:
15Change the question. Instead of asking what made you angry, ask what threatened, confused or unsettled you.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 20:86

The anger version of events comes out first because it is the easier one to tell. The other version tends to be closer to what actually happened, and it takes a bit of quiet to reach. Expect some resistance from yourself along the way. Nobody enjoys finding fear where they had put outrage.

Islamic evidence

Moses returned to his people, angry and aggrieved (Quran 20:86). Grief is named in the same breath as the anger, which is usually how it arrives.

Moses returned to his people, angry and aggrieved. He said, ‘My people, did your Lord not make you a gracious promise? Was my absence too long for you? Did you want anger to fall on you from your Lord and so broke your word to me?’

Qur'an 20:86

Psychological evidence

In a study of people's dominant response to a traumatic event, many reported anger, guilt, sadness or numbness rather than fear, and those responses still predicted post-traumatic symptoms afterwards. So anger is often what sits on the surface of a threatening event. The study was cross-sectional and relied on people recalling how they had felt, which is not a precise instrument.

Hathaway LM, Boals A, Banks JB. (2010). Anxiety, stress, and coping · doi

Review detail

Why it works. The question you ask decides which story you get back.

When not to. If what surfaces is something frightening from a long way back, that is a good point to bring in someone qualified rather than to keep digging alone.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0266-ask-what-threatened-you

Feedback

none yet
On:
16When somebody says they were not scared, they just do not like being disrespected, take the dislike seriously. We dislike what threatens us, and that is why we avoid it.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 70:20

The move keeps everyone's dignity intact. You are not telling a person they were frightened, you are pointing out that disliking something and being wary of it run on the same machinery. From there the question becomes what the disrespect was going to cost them, which is a question most people can answer.

Islamic evidence

He is fretful when misfortune touches him (Quran 70:20). The raw reaction is described before anything has shaped it into anger.

he is fretful when misfortune touches him

Qur'an 70:20

Psychological evidence

Work developing the standard measure of guilt and shame proneness separates guilt about something you did from shame about who you are, and shows the two predict different behaviour. Disrespect tends to land on the second one, which is part of why it is defended so hard. That research was about measurement rather than about anger, so the link to how somebody answers this question in a room is reasoning rather than evidence.

Cohen TR, Wolf ST, Panter AT, Insko CA. (2011). Journal of personality and social psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Calling it dislike rather than fear changes the word, not the thing underneath it.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0268-dislike-points-at-threat

Feedback

none yet
On:
17If you catch yourself saying you were teaching someone a lesson, ask what the lesson cost. Were you paid for the teaching, or are you the one still paying?
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 42:40

It works because it uses your own logic instead of arguing with your values. Most people, asked to total it up honestly, arrive somewhere near: I am paying dearly for the lessons I keep teaching. That is usually the point at which the other question becomes possible, the one about what the whole thing threatened in you.

Islamic evidence

Anyone who forgives and puts things right will have his reward from God Himself (Quran 42:40). Payment is named here, and it sits on the other side of the lesson you were planning to teach.

Let harm be requited by an equal harm, though anyone who forgives and puts things right will have his reward from God Himself––He does not like those who do wrong

Qur'an 42:40

Psychological evidence

A measure validation study separated what people do when they are angry from what they are trying to achieve by it, supporting the view that anger is aimed at something rather than merely reactive. That is what makes a question about cost fair: if there was a goal, it can be checked against the result. The work validated a scale in one language sample, so it stands behind the general idea and not behind this particular question.

Recchia S, Steffgen G, Weber H, Kubiak T. (2010). L'Encephale · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A cost you have added up yourself is much harder to argue with than one somebody else points out.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0269-count-what-the-lesson-cost

Feedback

none yet
On:
18If somebody insists they were not afraid of the disrespect, agree with them. Good, because if there was nothing to fear then the words were safe, and safe things can be left alone.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 7:199

Whichever way the answer goes it is useful. Either the fear is now on the table, or the disrespect has just been agreed to be harmless, and the next question is why something harmless needed such a large response. Offer it gently and with warmth, not as a trap being sprung.

Islamic evidence

Be tolerant and command what is right: pay no attention to foolish people (Quran 7:199). If the words really were foolishness, the verse offers the option of letting them pass.

Be tolerant and command what is right: pay no attention to foolish people

Qur'an 7:199

Psychological evidence

A randomised controlled trial of brief therapist supported internet treatments found that teaching either mindful awareness of emotion or reappraisal reduced problematic anger, with no clear advantage to combining them. Two different routes reached a similar place. That does not validate this particular conversational move, but it does suggest more than one honest way in can work.

Bjureberg J, Ojala O, Berg A, Edvardsson E, Kolbeinsson Ö, Molander O, Morin E, Nordgren L, Palme K, Särnholm J, Wedin L, Rück C, Gross JJ, Hesser H. (2023). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Accepting the denial removes the thing the person was bracing against.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0271-accept-the-denial

Feedback

none yet
On:
19There is a difference between being afraid and being seen as afraid, and it is usually the second one people are defending. Worth asking which of the two is actually the problem.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 12:53

Once somebody can say the trouble is what others would make of it, the whole reputational job anger has been doing comes into view. Often the belief underneath is that once people know you are afraid, they will use it. That belief can then be looked at on its own, which is a good deal easier than looking at the fear.

Islamic evidence

I do not pretend to be blameless (Quran 12:53). Saying the unflattering thing out loud is presented as a strength rather than as an exposure.

I do not pretend to be blameless, for man’s very soul incites him to evil unless my Lord shows mercy: He is most forgiving, most merciful.’

Qur'an 12:53

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis of youth aggression found that low empathy had only a small relationship with aggressive behaviour, while callous and unemotional traits predicted it more strongly. The lesson worth carrying is that you cannot read what is going on inside somebody from the aggression you can see. The same caution applies here in reverse: the display and the inner state are separate things and need separating.

Ritchie MB, Neufeld RWJ, Yoon M, Li A, Mitchell DGV. (2022). Clinical psychology review · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Separating the feeling from how it looks to other people leaves you with two smaller problems instead of one defended one.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0272-afraid-versus-seen-as-afraid

Feedback

none yet
On:
20Everyone knows the line about sticks and stones. If words really could not hurt you, you would not still be turning over what he said.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 4:148

It is a rhyme we all agreed to and none of us believe. Rather than argue with it, set it beside the evidence: the words landed, so something in them was taken personally. That is the thread worth pulling, because what makes a remark personal is a judgement about the person who said it and what they meant by it, and judgements can be revisited.

Islamic evidence

God does not like bad words to be made public unless someone has been wronged (Quran 4:148). Words are treated here as things that do real damage, so it is no weakness that they reached you.

God does not like bad words to be made public unless someone has been wronged: He is all hearing and all knowing

Qur'an 4:148

Psychological evidence

A case control study found that people with depression showed a specific bias towards blaming themselves rather than others, rather than simply feeling more of everything negative. That is direct evidence that where blame gets pointed varies between people and is not fixed by the event itself. It was one comparison in one clinical group, so it should not be stretched into a general account of why insults sting.

Green S, Moll J, Deakin JF, Hulleman J, Zahn R. (2013). Psychopathology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Words hurt to the extent that you read them as a true verdict on you.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0274-sticks-and-stones-revisited

Feedback

none yet
On:
21Some anger fires when your image takes a knock: your child playing up in a shop, your name left off something, a correction in front of other people. What got punctured was the picture of yourself.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 12:53

The tell is the phrase, said or unsaid, that this reflects badly on me. Managing the triggers will not help much, because they are endless and small. The work is on how much of your worth is riding on how things look, and on moving from needing to feel good about yourself towards being able to accept yourself without the vote.

Islamic evidence

I do not pretend to be blameless (Quran 12:53). Letting go of a spotless image is put there as honesty rather than as loss.

I do not pretend to be blameless, for man’s very soul incites him to evil unless my Lord shows mercy: He is most forgiving, most merciful.’

Qur'an 12:53

Psychological evidence

Work developing the standard measure of guilt and shame proneness separates guilt about something you did from shame about who you are, and shows the two lead to different behaviour. Anger of this kind generally sits on the shame side, where the self rather than the act is what feels exposed. That research was about building a measure, so the link to this particular pattern is reasoning rather than a tested finding.

Cohen TR, Wolf ST, Panter AT, Insko CA. (2011). Journal of personality and social psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. If your sense of self is on loan from other people's reactions, every reaction becomes a threat.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0301-when-it-reflects-on-you

Feedback

none yet
On:
22Being late on purpose, the joke with an edge, the job done just badly enough: that is anger at full strength, only sent by a quieter route.
CoreWhat anger actually is5 minutesQur'an 2:263

People who do this often say honestly that they never get angry, and they believe it, because what they are picturing is shouting. The feeling is all there and the body knows it. What helps is not blocking the indirect route but building a direct one safe enough to use, since the sideways version exists because saying it straight looked too costly.

Islamic evidence

A kind word and forgiveness is better than a charitable deed followed by hurtful [words] (Quran 2:263). The favour that comes with a sting attached is named directly, and it is rated below plain kindness.

A kind word and forgiveness is better than a charitable deed followed by hurtful [words]: God is self-sufficient, forbearing

Qur'an 2:263

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis of 306 experimental comparisons found that deliberately changing how you think about a situation reliably shifted how it felt, while simply trying to hide the feeling was among the least effective strategies. Covering anger over is well documented as a poor way of reducing it. Those were short laboratory tasks rather than years of a habit, so they show the principle rather than the whole picture.

Webb TL, Miles E, Sheeran P. (2012). Psychological bulletin · doi

Review detail

Why it works. The anger did not go anywhere, it just found the exit with the lowest risk attached.

angerAfter conflictscholar review pendinganger-0315-the-sideways-delivery

Feedback

none yet
On: