InInshirahislamically integrated self-help
ThemeGrowing empathy
Time5 minutes
MomentEveryday
1Reading about anger will not make you gentler. Warmth is a skill with reps, like anything else, and it fades when nobody practises it.
somaticGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 90:17

Most anger advice works on the mind: catch the thought, question it, breathe. Useful, and none of it is the same as actually feeling something for the person in front of you. If you want that, you have to keep putting yourself where it is asked of you and do the small kind thing on purpose, often, including on the days you do not feel like it.

Islamic evidence

and to be one of those who believe and urge one another to steadfastness and compassion (Quran 90:17). Compassion is named as something people keep building in each other, not a temperament you either have or lack.

and to be one of those who believe and urge one another to steadfastness and compassion

Qur'an 90:17

Psychological evidence

A review of the literature on altruism and empathy in medical training describes how these qualities can be supported in students, and notes that they tend to erode without deliberate attention. It is a review rather than a trial, so take it as an argument built on patterns instead of proof. The claim it makes is a modest one: empathy needs looking after.

Burks DJ, Kobus AM. (2012). Medical education · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Anything you stop using gets weaker, and warmth is no different.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0811-practise-not-just-read

Feedback

none yet
On:
2If you have gone numb around other people's pain, the numbness almost certainly started as protection. It kept you upright at a time when feeling all of it would have flattened you.
somaticGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 6:54

The trouble is that it does not switch itself off when the danger passes. You find yourself unmoved in front of someone you love, and then you blame yourself for being cold. Calling it what it was, a way of getting through something, makes it far easier to loosen, because you are no longer fighting yourself while you do it.

Islamic evidence

Peace be upon you. Your Lord has taken it on Himself to be merciful (Quran 6:54). The greeting comes first, even for someone who did wrong out of foolishness, and it is a fair tone to take with yourself.

When those who believe in Our revelations come to you [Prophet], say, ‘Peace be upon you. Your Lord has taken it on Himself to be merciful: if any of you has foolishly done a bad deed, and afterwards repented and mended his ways, God is most forgiving and…

Qur'an 6:54

Psychological evidence

A systematic review of self-compassion training in work settings found benefits for well-being, with the caveat that the evidence from workplaces is still limited. That is the closest thing here to what is being described, which is meeting your own hardness kindly rather than attacking it. Modest evidence, offered as a direction rather than a promise.

Kotera Y, Van Gordon W. (2021). Frontiers in psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Shame makes you defend the numbness, and understanding where it came from lets you set it down.

When not to. If the numbness followed something frightening and has not shifted in years, this is worth working through with a therapist rather than on your own.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0812-hardness-was-once-protection

Feedback

none yet
On:
3Years of putting up with things build a thicker skin, and that same skin is what stops you being reached by the person in front of you. It can thin again.
somaticGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 93:9

Nobody sets out to get harder. It happens quietly, one shrug at a time, until a story that would have undone you at twenty barely registers at forty. A short daily practice of wishing someone well is enough to start softening it. You are not installing something new. You are getting back something you already had.

Islamic evidence

So do not be harsh with the orphan (Quran 93:9). It is said to a man who had been an orphan himself, and remembering your own tender years is usually what softens the skin.

So do not be harsh with the orphan

Qur'an 93:9

Psychological evidence

Adults randomly assigned to a short compassion training gave more afterwards in an altruism task, and how much each person changed tracked changes in their neural responses to suffering. It is a controlled experiment, which is encouraging. It is also a brief training measured by a laboratory game rather than a picture of a changed life.

Weng HY, Fox AS, Shackman AJ, Stodola DE, Caldwell JZ, Olson MC, Rogers GM, Davidson RJ. (2013). Psychological science · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Feeling for others responds to practice, so what dulled with use can return with use.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0813-thicker-skin-can-thin-again

Feedback

none yet
On:
4There is more than one way into someone else's world. You can picture yourself in their place, picture them in it, or simply let their state affect you, and the three do not feel the same or lead to the same place.
somaticGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 17:24

Picturing yourself in their place tends to raise your own distress, which can leave you wanting relief more than wanting to help them. Picturing them in it keeps them at the centre. Letting your body pick up their state needs no picturing at all. When one route is closed, and under anger the imaginative ones usually are, the others are still open.

Islamic evidence

and lower your wing in humility towards them in kindness (Quran 17:24). The verse then asks you to remember being small and cared for, which is perspective taking handed over as a practice rather than a theory.

and lower your wing in humility towards them in kindness and say, ‘Lord, have mercy on them, just as they cared for me when I was little.’

Qur'an 17:24

Psychological evidence

In randomised writing experiments, people asked to write about an emotional event in the first, second or third person processed it differently depending on the voice they were given. That supports deliberate perspective switching as something a person can actually do rather than a vague instruction. It was a writing task in a study setting, so it shows the lever exists more than it shows how far it moves anything.

Seih YT, Chung CK, Pennebaker JW. (2011). Cognition & emotion · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Different routes into another person's experience pull you in different directions, so which one you take matters.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0822-three-ways-in

Feedback

none yet
On:
5Give yourself an instruction you can rehearse. Copy one thing about how the other person is holding themselves, once a day, and notice what follows.
somaticGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 107:7

Advice like be more understanding gives you nothing to practise. Advice like match their pace when they speak gives you something you can do on a Tuesday and get better at by Friday. Whether the mechanism behind it is what anyone claims matters less than whether you can repeat it, and it is the small repeatable things that accumulate.

Islamic evidence

and forbid common kindnesses (Quran 107:7). What is condemned is withholding the ordinary small gesture, which sets the daily scale as the real measure.

and forbid common kindnesses

Qur'an 107:7

Psychological evidence

In a field experiment with 139 working adults, half of them randomly assigned to begin a loving-kindness practice, the practice raised daily positive emotions, and those emotions in turn built personal resources over time. The lesson worth taking is about small repeated practice adding up. It is one study of one practice, and what it built came slowly rather than dramatically.

Fredrickson BL, Cohn MA, Coffey KA, Pek J, Finkel SM. (2008). Journal of personality and social psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Concrete actions can be practised and vague intentions cannot.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0823-something-to-actually-do

Feedback

none yet
On:
6Feeling close to your own people does not automatically make you kinder to everybody else. Sometimes it does the opposite and sharpens the line between us and them.
medicalGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 49:13

This is worth watching in yourself, particularly if you are the sort who gets angry on behalf of a group. The same warmth that makes you loyal can make you quick to defend and quicker to dismiss. Widening the circle takes its own deliberate effort: one person outside your usual crowd, given the care you keep for your own.

Islamic evidence

We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you should recognize one another (Quran 49:13). Difference is given as a reason to come to know people, not a reason to rank them.

People, We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you should recognize one another. In God’s eyes, the most honoured of you are the ones most mindful of Him: God is all knowing, all aware

Qur'an 49:13

Psychological evidence

In a neuroimaging study, how strongly people felt envy while taking someone else's perspective was related to connectivity in one region of the frontal lobe. Stepping into another person's shoes does not always produce warmth, then. It can produce envy instead. That was an observational study of individual differences, so read it as a caution rather than a description of what happens to everyone.

McDonald B, Becker K, Meshi D, Heekeren HR, von Scheve C. (2020). Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Closeness is felt towards particular people, so it does not spread outwards by itself.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0829-warm-inside-hard-outside

Feedback

none yet
On:
7The advice to touch, to eat together, to move your body, to say the true thing out loud stands up perfectly well without the hormone story attached.
medicalGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 2:177

Explanations that hang on a single chemical are memorable and usually too tidy, and the studies behind the popular version are often small. None of that touches whether a shared meal is good for you. Do the thing. If somebody asks why it works, you are allowed to say that people seem to do better with it and nobody is entirely sure why.

Islamic evidence

Goodness does not consist in turning your face towards East or West (Quran 2:177). The verse then locates goodness in what people actually give and keep and endure, rather than in the theory behind it.

Goodness does not consist in turning your face towards East or West. The truly good are those who believe in God and the Last Day, in the angels, the Scripture, and the prophets; who give away some of their wealth, however much they cherish it, to their…

Qur'an 2:177

Psychological evidence

In a pilot trial, 43 people with chronic low back pain were randomised to an eight week loving-kindness programme or to standard care, and the practice reduced pain and anger. It was a pilot with a small sample, so the size of the effect is uncertain. What it shows is that a simple warmth practice can be tested on its own terms, with no reference to any mechanism at all.

Carson JW, Keefe FJ, Lynch TR, Carson KM, Goli V, Fras AM, Thorp SR. (2005). Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A practice can be worth keeping even when the explanation offered for it turns out to be wrong.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0830-keep-practice-drop-theory

Feedback

none yet
On:
8Telling somebody one thing you are quietly embarrassed about will bring you closer than a month of pleasant conversation.
medicalGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 28:23

It does not have to be dramatic. The worry you have never said out loud, the mistake you still think about at night, the thing you are no good at. Say it plainly and then stop talking, and let them do what they do with it. Most people answer with something of their own, and that is the moment you both stop being polite at each other.

Islamic evidence

They said, 'We cannot water our flocks until the shepherds take their sheep away: our father is a very old man' (Quran 28:23). A plain account of their difficulty is what brings the help, and it is given to a stranger.

When he arrived at Midian’s waters, he found a group of men watering [their flocks], and beside them two women keeping their flocks back, so he said, ‘What is the matter with you two?’ They said, ‘We cannot water [our flocks] until the shepherds take their…

Qur'an 28:23

Psychological evidence

A clinical article on empathy in conversation sets out the specific moves that make understanding visible, such as saying back what you think you heard and checking whether you have it right. Its subject is what the listener does rather than what the speaker risks. Both halves make the same point: closeness is built out of small concrete moves rather than general goodwill.

John L. Coulehan; Frederic W. Platt; Barry Egener; Richard M. Frankel; Chen‐Tan Lin; Beth A. Lown (2001). Annals of Internal Medicine · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Trusting someone with something you could lose by is what tells them they are trusted.

When not to. Say it to someone who has not used your soft spots against you before.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0836-say-the-slightly-shameful-thing

Feedback

none yet
On:
9If you keep saying yes and then feeling furious about it, the problem may not be that you care too much. Often it is that you cannot bear anyone being displeased with you.
cbtGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 76:9

The two look identical from outside and they need completely different answers. Genuine feeling for someone is warm and tiring. Fear of disapproval is tight, and it has a grudge folded into it, with the resentment usually arriving before the person has even left the room. Ask yourself which one it was the last time you agreed to something you did not want.

Islamic evidence

We feed you for the sake of God alone: We seek neither recompense nor thanks from you (Quran 76:9). Giving that needs nothing back is a different act from giving that needs approval, even when the two look the same.

saying, ‘We feed you for the sake of God alone: We seek neither recompense nor thanks from you

Qur'an 76:9

Psychological evidence

A social neuroscience review separates catching another person's feeling from working out their point of view and from simply caring what becomes of them. These are related but distinct, and what gets called being too empathic often turns out to be something else on that list. The review is a synthesis rather than a test, so use it as a way of sorting your own experience.

Jean Decety; Karen E. Smith; Greg J. Norman; Jodi Halpern (2014). World Psychiatry · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Saying yes out of fear leaves a debt behind, and saying yes out of care does not.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0843-too-kind-or-too-afraid

Feedback

none yet
On:
10If it really is that you feel too much for people, the useful move is not more feeling. It is learning to say no while still meaning them well.
cbtGrowing empathy5 minutesQur'an 16:90

Naming your softness as something that gets used is what makes a limit bearable to set. You are not becoming colder. You are stopping the slow build of resentment that ends in an outburst nobody saw coming. One plain sentence is enough, with no apology tour after it: I cannot take that on. Said kindly, then left standing.

Islamic evidence

God commands justice, doing good, and generosity towards relatives (Quran 16:90). Justice stands in the same breath as kindness, and part of justice is fairness to yourself.

God commands justice, doing good, and generosity towards relatives and He forbids what is shameful, blameworthy, and oppressive. He teaches you, so that you may take heed

Qur'an 16:90

Psychological evidence

A systematic review of mindfulness, compassion and self-compassion among health care professionals found these qualities relate to lower burnout and compassion fatigue. Caring for people at length has a cost, and how you treat yourself is part of what decides it. The evidence is about associations within one occupational group, so it is suggestive rather than a rule for everybody.

Conversano C, Ciacchini R, Orrù G, Di Giuseppe M, Gemignani A, Poli A. (2020). Frontiers in psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A limit set early protects the relationship that unspoken resentment would eventually damage.

When not to. If saying no puts you in danger at home, this is not a skills problem and safety comes first.

angerEverydayscholar review pendinganger-0844-kindness-with-an-edge

Feedback

none yet
On: