InInshirahislamically integrated self-help
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MomentComing & going
1Say it plainly whenever you teach anything: the way I am showing you this is not the way it has to be done. Change it until it works for you.
MindfulnessGrounding and settling60 secondsQur'an 65:7

Anyone who has failed at the standard version of something several times will not try again unless they are told clearly that adapting it is allowed. Without that, the first awkward attempt simply confirms what they already believe about themselves. Give the permission before they start rather than afterwards, and ask later what they changed. What comes back is often better than what you offered.

Islamic evidence

God does not burden any soul with more than He has given it (Quran 65:7). What is asked is fitted to the person, so fitting a practice to a person is in good company.

and let the wealthy man spend according to his wealth. But let him whose provision is restricted spend according to what God has given him: God does not burden any soul with more than He has given it- after hardship, God will bring ease

Qur'an 65:7

Psychological evidence

In a randomised trial, brief mindfulness after a stressor raised heart rate variability in ordinary participants but not in people high in maladaptive perfectionism. The same practice, delivered the same way, did different things to different people. It is one study of one trait, and it is reasonable grounds for holding any protocol loosely.

Azam MA, Katz J, Fashler SR, Changoor T, Azargive S, Ritvo P. (2015). International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. People who expect to fail at a technique need to hear there is no wrong way to do it before they will risk trying.

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2If getting to the appointment frightened you, then you have already done the first hard thing. Walking in and talking to a stranger about yourself is the ladder, not the preparation for it.
narrativeBeing seen and judged60 secondsQur'an 4:149

Nobody watching later can see it. What they see is someone sitting there talking, and they miss the week of dread and the near cancellation. Say it plainly to yourself, or to the person you brought with you: this was the first rung and it is behind me now. Early on it is often the only success available, so it is worth counting properly.

Islamic evidence

If you do good, openly or in secret (Quran 4:149). The struggle nobody saw on the way to that appointment is not diminished by having gone unwitnessed.

If you do good, openly or in secret, or if you pardon something bad,then God is most forgiving and powerful

Qur'an 4:149

Psychological evidence

A systematic review and meta-analysis found that shame about being seen as mentally unwell, particularly the stigma a person turns on themselves, was associated with being less likely to seek help, though the pooled effects were modest. A further review of ninety seven studies found minority communities often carried higher public and self stigma, with worry about how the family would be seen forming part of the burden. Against that, getting yourself through the door is not a small act.

Schnyder N, Panczak R, Groth N, Schultze-Lutter F. (2017). The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · doi

Misra S, Jackson VW, Chong J, Choe K, Tay C, Wong J, Yang LH. (2021). American journal of community psychology · doi

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Why it works. Naming what you have already done gives the next step something to stand on.

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3The first day back is worse than the weeks before it, not better. Plan for that spike rather than letting it take you by surprise.
cbtThe cost of avoiding20 minutesQur'an 2:155

Anxiety climbs as the return gets close and peaks somewhere near the doorway, then it comes down, but only for someone who stays long enough to find that out. Put the supports in place before the date arrives: who meets them, where they can go if it gets too much, what the first hour actually asks. Deciding all of that on the morning, in tears, rarely goes well.

Islamic evidence

We shall certainly test you with fear and hunger, and loss of property, lives, and crops. But give good news to those who are steadfast (Quran 2:155). The fear is named in advance here, which is a kind of preparation in itself.

We shall certainly test you with fear and hunger, and loss of property, lives, and crops. But [Prophet], give good news to those who are steadfast

Qur'an 2:155

Psychological evidence

Reviews of exposure therapy written from an inhibitory learning view argue that what makes approaching a feared thing work is the gap between what you expected and what happened, and that quiet forms of avoidance blunt exactly that gap. These are theoretical reviews drawing laboratory and clinical findings together rather than a trial of going back to school. Read at that level, they explain why a long absence leaves the frightening prediction untouched and loud.

Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC, Zbozinek T, Vervliet B. (2014). Behaviour research and therapy · doi

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Why it works. A fear that has gone months without being tested has had nothing to shrink it, so it turns up at full size.

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4Before you go towards the thing you are afraid of, it helps to have two things to hand: a way to settle your body, and a fairer account of what is likely to happen.
cbtBreaking the worry loop5 minutesQur'an 2:153

Neither of them is meant to take the fear away. They are there so you can stay in the situation long enough for it to teach you something, and that staying is the part that shifts what you expect. If you catch yourself using the slow breathing to get out of the moment rather than to remain in it, that is worth noticing early.

Islamic evidence

seek help through steadfastness and prayer, for God is with the steadfast (Quran 2:153). Two supports are named side by side, one about holding on and one about turning to God, and neither is offered as a way round the hard thing itself.

You who believe, seek help through steadfastness and prayer, for God is with the steadfast

Qur'an 2:153

Psychological evidence

Across two treatments for generalised anxiety disorder, people who improved also became better at standing back from their own thoughts, which points to that skill being part of what helps. The calming side has a more mixed record: in a laboratory study, relaxation itself provoked anxiety in some people with generalised anxiety disorder, in keeping with worry being used to avoid the drop from calm into sudden distress. So there is something behind each of these, and neither is guaranteed to feel pleasant at first.

Sarah A. Hayes‐Skelton; Amber Calloway; Lizabeth Roemer; Susan M. Orsillo (2014). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi

Kim H, Newman MG. (2019). Journal of affective disorders · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A calmer body and a clearer read of the situation make it possible to stay put, and staying put is what changes what you expect next time.

When not to. Deliberately facing a serious fear is best planned with someone trained in it rather than pushed through alone.

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5Let the person facing it choose the first step, and let them choose an easy one. A rung somebody picked gets climbed. A rung assigned to them gets argued about.
cbtFacing it a step at a time5 minutesQur'an 29:69

Ask which one they would be willing to have a go at this week, not which one they ought to be able to manage. The answer usually sits somewhere in the low to middle part of the ladder, and that is fine. The first step is not there to be impressive. It is there so the week ends with them having done something they were not sure they could do.

Islamic evidence

We shall be sure to guide to Our ways those who strive hard for Our cause (Quran 29:69). The striving comes first and is met, however modest the step being taken.

But We shall be sure to guide to Our ways those who strive hard for Our cause: God is with those who do good

Qur'an 29:69

Psychological evidence

Across seventy five studies of childhood anxiety treatment, the amount of exposure a programme contained was more strongly tied to improvement than the anxiety management components were. What matters most is that steps keep happening, which argues for choosing rungs that will actually get climbed over the most impressive one available. Those studies measured how much exposure was delivered, not who chose it.

Whiteside SPH, Sim LA, Morrow AS, Farah WH, Hilliker DR, Murad MH, Wang Z. (2020). Clinical child and family psychology review · doi

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Why it works. Doing it because you chose to leaves you with the memory of having done it rather than of having been made to.

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6No step happens without the person agreeing to it. Not ordered, not dragged, not talked round in a bright voice. Agreement is a condition of the thing working, not a courtesy.
cbtFacing it a step at a time5 minutesQur'an 20:46

Coerced exposure teaches two lessons at once: that the situation is dangerous, and that you are not safe with the people who arranged it. After that you have the original fear plus an adult who has to be managed. Ask, wait, accept a no, and offer something smaller instead. The slower route is the only one that ends with someone saying they did it themselves.

Islamic evidence

Do not be afraid, I am with you both (Quran 20:46). What Moses and Aaron were given before walking into what they dreaded was company, not a command.

He said, ‘Do not be afraid, I am with you both, hearing and seeing everything

Qur'an 20:46

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis of dropout from virtual reality exposure found it was about the same as dropout from real world exposure, so making the format feel gentler does not by itself keep people in treatment. Whatever holds people in is something other than how easy the situation looks from outside, and willing agreement is the obvious candidate. That candidate is not what the meta-analysis tested.

Benbow AA, Anderson PL. (2019). Journal of anxiety disorders · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Going towards something because you chose to is what leaves you with proof about yourself.

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7Offer school again at ten, and at eleven, and after lunch. One refusal at half past seven should not be allowed to decide the whole day.
cbtThe cost of avoiding60 secondsQur'an 12:87

Morning dread usually peaks around the time they would be leaving and then drains away over a couple of hours. A child who could not face it at half past seven can often manage third period, and will almost never suggest that themselves. Keep the offer open, ask lightly, take no for an answer each time without a row, and mean it when you ask again.

Islamic evidence

My sons, go and seek news of Joseph and his brother and do not despair of God's mercy (Quran 12:87). Jacob sends them out again after years of nothing, which is roughly the patience this asks for.

My sons, go and seek news of Joseph and his brother and do not despair of God’s mercy- only disbelievers despair of God’s mercy.’

Qur'an 12:87

Psychological evidence

Reviews of exposure written from an inhibitory learning view argue that the work is done by finding out the expected disaster did not happen, and that this is only learned by going towards the thing. These are theoretical reviews assembling laboratory and clinical evidence, not trials of hourly offers. Read at that level, each fresh offer is another chance for the prediction to be tested rather than confirmed.

Craske MG, Treanor M, Conway CC, Zbozinek T, Vervliet B. (2014). Behaviour research and therapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. The fear comes down as the morning goes on, so leaving the door open catches the hour when going in becomes possible.

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8Find one adult in the building the child already trusts, and have them meet the child at the entrance. The doorway is the hardest minute of the day.
cbtThe cost of avoiding5 minutesQur'an 13:11

The job is small and specific: be there at the door, walk with them to their locker, get them started, be findable later on. It turns the worst moment from something faced alone into something faced with someone. Agree at the start how this will wind down, so that in six weeks nobody discovers the child can only come in when one particular person is at work.

Islamic evidence

each person has guardian angels before him and behind, watching over him by God's command (Quran 13:11). Being accompanied through the frightening part is written into how we are made.

each person has guardian angels before him and behind, watching over him by God’s command. God does not change the condition of a people [for the worse] unless they change what is in themselves, but if He wills harm on a people, no one can ward it off–– apart…

Qur'an 13:11

Psychological evidence

A critical review of safety behaviours during exposure found the evidence genuinely mixed, with some studies suggesting early support does no harm, and argued from inhibitory learning theory that these supports usually have to come off for change to last. Neither the enthusiastic reading nor the strict one is quite right. The practical answer is to plan the help and plan its removal at the same time.

Blakey SM, Abramowitz JS. (2016). Clinical psychology review · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A familiar face makes the hardest minute possible, and stepping that help back later is what makes the rest of the building possible.

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9Some situations genuinely run on how you are seen. A job interview, a court hearing, a first meeting with in-laws: the image matters there, and it is honest to say so.
CoreWhat you are actually defending5 minutesQur'an 4:135

The claim is only that most of life is not one of those, and that the fear of disrespect is far larger than its actual cost. Keeping the exceptions in view protects the whole point. Any way of thinking that says it covers everything gets thrown out the first time it obviously does not.

Islamic evidence

Uphold justice and bear witness to God, even if it is against yourselves (Quran 4:135). Saying the part that weakens your own case is set as the standard rather than the exception.

You who believe, uphold justice and bear witness to God, even if it is against yourselves, your parents, or your close relatives. Whether the person is rich or poor, God can best take care of both. Refrain from following your own desire, so that you can act…

Qur'an 4:135

Psychological evidence

In two studies of American and British citizens, anger, guilt and shame about their country's actions predicted opposition to those actions, and a threat to the country's image changed which of those feelings dominated. Image threat is a real thing that shifts how people respond, at least at the level of a group. Those were survey and experimental studies about national identity, so carry them across to a job interview carefully.

Iyer A, Schmader T, Lickel B. (2007). Personality & social psychology bulletin · doi

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Why it works. A claim with honest limits is one you can still use when the limits turn up.

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10Your body gets up in the morning and your mind often does not. Half a day can go by in a sort of waking dream, and whatever meets you in it gets the sleepwalker's answer.
CoreChoosing your response60 secondsQur'an 24:22

So make waking the moment you decide something, before the day has handed you anything to react to. Thirty seconds on the edge of the bed will do: today I will notice once before I answer. Hanging it on something that already happens every morning means you never have to remember to find a time for it.

Islamic evidence

Let them pardon and forgive. Do you not wish that God should forgive you? (Quran 24:22). Deciding to overlook things is far easier at the start of a day than in the middle of one, while nobody has done anything yet.

Those who have been graced with bounty and plenty should not swear that they will [no longer] give to kinsmen, the poor, those who emigrated in God’s way: let them pardon and forgive. Do you not wish that God should forgive you? God is most forgiving and…

Qur'an 24:22

Psychological evidence

In a survey of 286 adults aged 18 to 88, older adults reported letting anger out less and dwelling on emotional events less, and those differences related to their well being, which suggests these patterns are not fixed for life. What it cannot tell you is whether a morning intention shifts them, since nobody tested that. It is offered as a reason to think the settings move at all.

Phillips LH, Phillips LH, Henry JD, Hosie JA, Milne AB. (2006). Aging & mental health · doi

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Why it works. A moment that comes round on its own is the easiest place to hang a new intention.

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11Almost everyone says the same thing afterwards, that the waiting was worse than the thing itself. Say it out loud in your own words, because your own words land differently from anyone else's reassurance.
cbtPractising under provocation5 minutesQur'an 29:69

Before a difficult conversation, write one line about how bad you expect it to be. Afterwards, write one line about how it actually went. Over a few rounds you build a small record of your own predictions running too dark, and that record persuades you far better than being told not to worry.

Islamic evidence

We shall be sure to guide to Our ways those who strive hard for Our cause (Quran 29:69). The striving is met, which is a reason to go in rather than to keep circling the door.

But We shall be sure to guide to Our ways those who strive hard for Our cause: God is with those who do good

Qur'an 29:69

Psychological evidence

Work on how exposure practice helps found that neither the drop in fear within a session nor how calm someone felt at the end predicted how well they did later. What mattered was what got learned. So do not judge a hard conversation by how comfortable you felt during it. This comes from anxiety research and is a theoretical review rather than a single trial.

Craske MG, Kircanski K, Zelikowsky M, Mystkowski J, Chowdhury N, Baker A. (2008). Behaviour research and therapy · doi

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Why it works. Your expectation only updates when you catch it being wrong in your own words.

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12Before anyone does something exposing, let them check their own conditions and give them a clean way to say no. A public yes given under pressure is not really a yes.
cbtPractising under provocation60 secondsQur'an 2:45

It can be as ordinary as asking someone to consider whether they have the privacy, the time and the state of mind for this today. Ask it first and whoever declines has not failed in front of anybody. It costs a minute, and it is the difference between practice a person chose and something that happened to them.

Islamic evidence

Seek help with steadfastness and prayer, though this is hard indeed for anyone but the humble (Quran 2:45). The difficulty is stated openly, which is a good model for how to ask someone whether they are ready.

Seek help with steadfastness and prayer- though this is hard indeed for anyone but the humble

Qur'an 2:45

Psychological evidence

In 125 male veterans with post traumatic stress and anger difficulties, group anger management delivered by videoconference did as well as the same therapy given in person. The conditions of delivery clearly matter enough to be studied, and they can be got right. That trial compared formats rather than testing how people were prepared beforehand.

Leslie A. Morland; Carolyn J. Greene; Craig S. Rosen; David W. Foy; Patrick M. Reilly; Jay H. Shore (2010). The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi

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Why it works. People can stay with something difficult when they know they are free to stop.

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13Before someone has said a word, you have often already decided what they are: only here because they were made to come, not really interested, wasting your time. That decision changes how the meeting goes.
MindfulnessEquanimity and perspective60 secondsQur'an 9:129

The person sent by a court, or pushed into the room by a partner or a manager, walks in already read. Try starting the hour with nothing written: no history of what people like this are usually like, no forecast of how it will end. Notice the moment you catch yourself predicting them, and go back to what they are actually saying. This is as much for anyone meeting a difficult relative as for a clinician.

Islamic evidence

If they turn away, say, God is enough for me: there is no god but Him; I put my trust in Him (Quran 9:129). Even someone turning away is met with trust rather than with a verdict about them.

If they turn away, [Prophet], say ,‘God is enough for me: there is no god but Him; I put my trust in Him; He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne.’

Qur'an 9:129

Psychological evidence

In a cross-sectional study using structural equation modelling, higher trait mindfulness went with less anger, hostility and aggression, and lower rumination partly explained the link. The relevant piece is that hostility travels with a habit of mind, which applies to the helper in the room as much as to anybody else. The data were gathered at a single point in time, so this shows what goes together, not what causes what.

Borders A, Earleywine M, Jajodia A. (2010). Aggressive behavior · doi

Review detail

Why it works. People can feel when you have already made your mind up, and they behave like the person you expect.

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