InInshirahislamically integrated self-help
Areaanger
ApproachAny
Time20 minutes
MomentUnder stress
1The aim is not to become someone with no force in them. It is to get a harness on the force and point it at something worth doing.
CoreEquanimity and perspective20 minutesQur'an 12:86

Anger usually knows something true: this was unfair, this matters to me, this cannot carry on. Keep that part and drop the delivery. The energy can go into the letter, the boundary, the conversation you have been putting off, instead of into whoever happens to be nearest.

Islamic evidence

I plead my grief and sorrow before God (Quran 12:86). Ya'qub neither swallows what he feels nor spends it on the people around him. He takes it somewhere it can be held.

He said, ‘I plead my grief and sorrow before God. I have knowledge from God that you do not have

Qur'an 12:86

Psychological evidence

In a pilot randomised trial, an eight week loving kindness programme for people with chronic low back pain reduced both pain and anger. It is a useful hint that a practice aimed at goodwill can move anger without anyone trying to suppress it. The trial was small and preliminary, in one particular patient group.

Carson JW, Keefe FJ, Lynch TR, Carson KM, Goli V, Fras AM, Thorp SR. (2005). Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Energy that has somewhere to go stops looking for somewhere to leak.

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2Anger sends people back to the thing they had stopped, and the thing they had stopped makes the anger worse. Any plan that treats these as two separate projects tends to come apart.
medicalAnger, alcohol and the body20 minutesQur'an 2:168

Write anger into the relapse plan by name, alongside the parties, the old friends and the difficult anniversary. Then when you look at the anger, ask what had been drunk or taken in the days around each flare. Both questions belong on the same page. It is rarely that someone lacked willpower on the day, it is that each half of the loop keeps quietly restocking the other.

Islamic evidence

Do not follow Satan's footsteps, for he is your sworn enemy (Quran 2:168). Footsteps is the right word for it, since neither of these ever arrives all at once.

People, eat what is good and lawful from the earth, and do not follow Satan’s footsteps, for he is your sworn enemy

Qur'an 2:168

Psychological evidence

In a laboratory aggression task with 69 couples, intoxication acted as a disinhibitor and amplified the effect of anger rumination on aggression towards a partner. The two did not merely add up, one made the other bigger. It was a lab task with a modest sample, so it supports the shape of the loop rather than telling you how tight it gets in a real household.

Watkins LE, DiLillo D, Maldonado RC. (2015). Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Each of the two makes the other more likely, so working on only one leaves the wheel turning.

When not to. If use is heavy or daily, treat it as a medical matter first and get proper advice before changing anything.

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3Knowing something calmly and feeling it are two separate achievements, and the second takes longer. If you can say the reasonable thing but it does not touch how you feel, you are partway, not failing.
CoreMaking it stick20 minutesQur'an 87:8

The gap does not close by arguing with yourself harder. It closes by living it: doing the practice in real situations, in your body, while the feeling is actually present. More explanation at the kitchen table will not get you there.

Islamic evidence

We shall show you the easy way (Quran 87:8). The route from knowing to feeling gets easier by being walked, not by being studied.

We shall show you the easy way

Qur'an 87:8

Psychological evidence

A randomised trial in panic disorder with agoraphobia compared exposure carried out with the therapist there in the real situation against exposure simply prescribed for the patient to do alone. The guided version produced more pervasive and longer lasting effects. That is one anxiety trial rather than a general law, but it favours doing the thing in the real setting over discussing it.

Gloster AT, Wittchen HU, Einsle F, Lang T, Helbig-Lang S, Fydrich T, Fehm L, Hamm AO, Richter J, Alpers GW, Gerlach AL, Ströhle A, Kircher T, Deckert J, Zwanzger P, Höfler M, Arolt V. (2011). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · doi

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Why it works. Feelings shift with the experience of doing something, not with agreeing to it.

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4Squeeze the hand, hold it for a few seconds, then let it go slowly. The letting go is where the calm is, and it works better once you have practised the long version.
somaticCool the body first20 minutesQur'an 20:14

Full muscle relaxation, working through the body group by group, takes about twenty minutes and is worth doing a handful of times. Once your body knows what that release feels like, the single hand version can call some of it back in seconds. Skipping the long version and expecting the short one to deliver is the usual reason people say it does nothing.

Islamic evidence

Keep up the prayer so that you remember Me (Quran 20:14). A physical routine is given as the means of returning attention, and a small cue borrows from that same pairing.

I am God; there is no god but Me. So worship Me and keep up the prayer so that you remember Me

Qur'an 20:14

Psychological evidence

In a randomised experiment comparing brief mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation and loving kindness practice, the breathing exercise did most for helping people stand back from their thoughts and react less to repetitive ones. So if what you need is distance from your own thinking, breath may serve you better. For the physical side, tension and release is still a straightforward way to feel the difference between held and let go.

Feldman G, Greeson J, Senville J. (2010). Behaviour research and therapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. The short cue borrows its effect from the longer practice it has been paired with.

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5Movement can settle you or wind you further up, and the difference is mostly what your mind is doing while you move.
somaticCool the body first20 minutesQur'an 13:28

Pacing the kitchen while you build the case against someone keeps the whole system revved. The same twenty minutes spent counting breaths or noticing your feet usually lands somewhere else entirely. If the argument will not leave your head, make the movement demanding enough that there is no room left for it.

Islamic evidence

Those who have faith and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of God (Quran 13:28). What you fill the time with is what settles you, and a moving body is no exception.

those who have faith and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of God- truly it is in the remembrance of God that hearts find peace

Qur'an 13:28

Psychological evidence

In a randomised controlled trial, two weeks of aerobic exercise reduced post-traumatic stress symptoms, and how much people gained varied with what they attended to while exercising. It was a short trial with a small sample and it was not about anger. Still, it supports the point that where your attention sits during movement is part of what the movement does.

Fetzner MG, Asmundson GJ. (2015). Cognitive behaviour therapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Attention decides what the body is practising, so the same activity can rehearse the fight or interrupt it.

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6A break only counts if you come back. Notice the anger, leave the room, actually settle yourself, then return and finish the conversation.
GottmanChoosing your response20 minutesQur'an 2:153

Most people manage the leaving and skip the settling, so they spend twenty minutes rehearsing their case and come back more wound up than when they left. Whatever settles you is fine: wudu, prayer, a walk, slow breathing, washing up. Say roughly when you will be back, and then be back.

Islamic evidence

Seek help through steadfastness and prayer, for God is with the steadfast (Quran 2:153). The middle part of a break is where help is asked for, rather than where the case for the prosecution gets written.

You who believe, seek help through steadfastness and prayer, for God is with the steadfast

Qur'an 2:153

Psychological evidence

In a laboratory study, people who repeatedly went back over an angry episode stayed physiologically aroused across trials, while a task that competed for the same mental imagery interrupted both the rehearsal and the bodily load. That was a short experiment with a scripted memory, not a row in a kitchen. It does suggest that a break spent replaying the argument is not much of a break.

McClelland AB, Jones KV, Douglas Gregg ME. (2009). International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Leaving brings the arousal down, and returning is what stops the leaving from becoming avoidance.

When not to. Agree the shape of this with the other person while things are calm, rather than introducing it for the first time in the middle of a row.

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7You may need to leave and come back two or three times before one conversation is finished. That is normal, not a sign that the skill is not working.
GottmanChoosing your response20 minutesQur'an 3:186

Bodies come down slowly. You can feel steady enough to return, sit down, hear one sentence and be right back at the top again. Knowing that in advance means the second surge is just the second surge instead of proof that you are hopeless. Say it out loud beforehand if you can, so the other person is not braced for one break and blindsided by two.

Islamic evidence

You are sure to be tested through your possessions and persons (Quran 3:186). Being told in advance that something will be hard is a kindness, because then the hard part is not also a surprise.

you are sure to be tested through your possessions and persons; you are sure to hear much that is hurtful from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with God. If you are steadfast and mindful of God, that is the…

Qur'an 3:186

Psychological evidence

In an experiment with 200 police recruits, a task that used up self control raised how ready people were to use force in a video scenario. It is one study, measuring intentions rather than actions, and the wider idea of self control as a fuel tank has been argued over since. Even so, expecting less in reserve after a hard stretch is a sensible working assumption.

Staller MS, Müller M, Christiansen P, Zaiser B, Körner S, Cole JC. (2019). Aggressive behavior · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Holding yourself back is tiring, so the second round asks more of you than the first did.

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