InInshirahislamically integrated self-help
Areaanger
ThemeRighteous anger and perfectionism
TimeAny
MomentAny
1If you are simmering most days and cannot point to what set it off, look at the standards you are running rather than at the day itself. A rule that is never quite met keeps producing small failures for you to react to.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 2:185

Try listing what you expected of this morning, hour by hour, and see how many of those expectations were met exactly. Most people find a long tail of near misses they never consciously registered but certainly felt. Loosening one of those rules, say the state of the kitchen or the reply that should have come by now, takes a few of the day's small alarms off the board.

Islamic evidence

God wants ease for you, not hardship (Quran 2:185). If a standard you are keeping produces only hardship, it is fair to ask whose standard it really is.

It was in the month of Ramadan that the Quran was revealed as guidance for mankind, clear messages giving guidance and distinguishing between right and wrong. So any one of you who is present that month should fast, and anyone who is ill or on a journey…

Qur'an 2:185

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis separating two sides of perfectionism found that perfectionistic concerns, the self-criticism and the fear of falling short, carry the associations with depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and eating disorders, while simply holding high standards shows much weaker links. So the trouble is not caring about doing things well. It is the harsh appraisal attached to every shortfall. These are associations pooled across studies, not proof of which way the causation runs.

Limburg K, Watson HJ, Hagger MS, Egan SJ. (2017). Journal of clinical psychology · doi

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Why it works. Every unmet standard registers as something going wrong, so a strict standard means more things going wrong all day.

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2However you speak to yourself about your own mistakes is usually how you will end up thinking about other people's. Going easier on yourself is not a treat you have not earned, it is part of getting easier on everyone else.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 4:28

Watch for it in small moments. You snap at someone for being slow, and if you are honest you would have flayed yourself for exactly the same thing. There is rarely a second, kinder rulebook kept in reserve for other people. So pick one thing you would forgive in a friend, practise forgiving it in yourself, and then see whether your patience with them shifts.

Islamic evidence

God wishes to lighten your burden; man was created weak (Quran 4:28). Weakness is written into the design, yours as much as theirs.

God wishes to lighten your burden; man was created weak

Qur'an 4:28

Psychological evidence

A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials found that interventions built around self-compassion do reduce self-criticism. That matters here because it means the inner harshness can be trained down rather than being fixed. What was measured was self-criticism itself, so reading it as evidence about your temper with other people goes a step past the data.

Wakelin KE, Perman G, Simonds LM. (2022). Clinical psychology & psychotherapy · doi

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Why it works. You measure other people with the same instrument you use on yourself, so softening it softens both.

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3Some anger is really an expectation that will not be put down. The other person has moved on, the thing is over, and you are still holding the version of how it should have gone.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 23:62

The tell is a short fuse over things that barely matter: a queue, a misplaced item, someone doing a job their own way. When frustration arrives that fast and that often, the useful work is less about calming down afterwards and more about being able to release a fixed picture at all. It can help to ask what you would actually be giving up by letting this one go, and whether it costs what you fear it costs.

Islamic evidence

We do not burden any soul with more than it can bear (Quran 23:62). The standard set for you is matched to your capacity, which is a fair model for what to ask of anyone else.

We do not burden any soul with more than it can bear- We have a Record that tells the truth- they will not be wronged

Qur'an 23:62

Psychological evidence

A conceptual and quantitative review argues that irritability can be told apart from other symptoms and that it predicts later clinical outcomes. So a persistent short fuse is worth taking seriously in its own right rather than filing under how someone simply is. That review examined the construct, and it is not a trial of any treatment for it.

Pablo Vidal‐Ribas; Melissa A. Brotman; Isabel Cristina Puente Valdivieso; Ellen Leibenluft; Argyris Stringaris (2016). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi

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Why it works. The anger keeps flaring while the expectation is still being held, because the mismatch is still there.

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4If you carry a firm picture of how the world is supposed to work, the world will break it several times a day. No coping skill outpaces a supply of grievance that never runs out.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism20 minutesQur'an 3:104

This is not a case for caring less about fairness. It is about telling apart an injustice you could act on from the general refusal of life to be tidy. One is worth your energy and the other will take all of it and hand nothing back. Choosing a single thing to actually work on often settles the rest, because the anger finally has somewhere to go.

Islamic evidence

Be a community that calls for what is good, urges what is right, and forbids what is wrong (Quran 3:104). Caring about how things should be is given a job here, and a shared one, rather than left as a private grievance.

Be a community that calls for what is good, urges what is right, and forbids what is wrong: those who do this are the successful ones

Qur'an 3:104

Psychological evidence

In two studies of how people responded to a wrong they believed their own country had committed, anger predicted willingness to protest while shame predicted pulling away. Which feeling is in charge shapes whether outrage turns into anything at all. This was survey and experimental work on political attitudes, so it speaks to the direction the energy takes rather than to what will settle you personally.

Iyer A, Schmader T, Lickel B. (2007). Personality & social psychology bulletin · doi

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Why it works. Anger with a job to do stops circling.

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5When something is genuinely wrong, try saying the whole sentence: this is wrong, it should not be like this, and it is. Then ask how it came to be, before asking what to do.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 49:9

The word should keeps you in the courtroom, where the only available outcome is a verdict. Asking why moves you into how the thing actually happened, which is the only place anything can change. Nobody is asking you to approve of it. You can hold that it is wrong and still get curious about how it came about, and most people notice the heat drop a little once they are explaining rather than sentencing.

Islamic evidence

Make a just and even-handed reconciliation between the two of them (Quran 49:9). Even where wrongdoing is named plainly, the destination given is a settlement rather than a verdict.

If two groups of the believers fight, you [believers] should try to reconcile them; if one of them is [clearly] oppressing the other, fight the oppressors until they submit to God’s command, then make a just and even-handed reconciliation between the two of…

Qur'an 49:9

Psychological evidence

In a randomised writing experiment with 182 students who had been hurt by someone, those assigned to write about it in a concrete, experiential way became less unforgiving and less distressed, and it buffered the effect of stewing on the event. How they went back over it mattered, not merely whether they did. It was a single writing study with students, so hold it lightly.

Liao KY, Wei M, Russell DW, Abraham WT. (2012). Journal of clinical psychology · doi

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Why it works. Working out how something happened runs in a different gear from judging it, and that gear is cooler.

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6Certainty feels good. That sudden clean sense of knowing exactly who is in the wrong is part of what keeps anger coming back, so it is worth noticing as a pleasure rather than as proof.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism60 secondsQur'an 53:32

Anger tidies things up. The doubt goes, the mixed feelings go, and for a moment you know where you stand. Take that away without putting anything in its place and most people go looking for it again by the evening. So it helps to find other places to feel steady and capable: work you can finish, a decision that is actually yours to make, one person you can be straight with.

Islamic evidence

Do not assert your own goodness: He knows best who is mindful of Him (Quran 53:32). The very sense of standing on higher ground is what is being questioned.

As for those who avoid grave sins and foul acts, though they may commit small sins, your Lord is ample in forgiveness. He has been aware of you from the time He produced you from the earth and from your hiding places in your mothers’ wombs, so do not assert…

Qur'an 53:32

Psychological evidence

In a controlled study, people kept awake for 53 hours shifted in how they judged what the right course of action was. Moral certainty moves with the state of the body, which is a reason not to treat the strength of a conviction as evidence for it. This was a small, extreme sleep deprivation experiment, a long way from an ordinary bad night.

Killgore WD, Killgore DB, Day LM, Li C, Kamimori GH, Balkin TJ. (2007). Sleep · doi

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Why it works. The clarity anger hands you is a reward, and rewarded behaviour repeats itself.

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7Someone who holds themselves to an exact standard will often hear a gentle correction as an attack. With them the useful thing is timing: build some trust before you offer the other way of seeing it.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism20 minutesQur'an 16:125

The reframe you have ready is probably right and probably too early. Consistency matters enormously to this person, so an alternative view is not information, it is a threat to something they are holding together. Spend a while agreeing with whatever is true in their account first. When you do offer the other angle, offer it as your own uncertain thought rather than as the correction.

Islamic evidence

Argue with them in the most courteous way, for your Lord knows best who has strayed from His way (Quran 16:125). The manner is instructed even when you are sure of your ground.

[Prophet], call [people] to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good teaching. Argue with them in the most courteous way, for your Lord knows best who has strayed from His way and who is rightly guided

Qur'an 16:125

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis in adults found that higher perfectionistic concerns go with lower self-esteem, which fits a sense of worth that hangs on meeting the standard. That helps explain why ordinary disagreement lands so hard. The findings are correlational, and low self-esteem could as easily be feeding the perfectionism.

Khossousi V, Greene D, Shafran R, Callaghan T, Dickinson S, Egan SJ. (2024). Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy · doi

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Why it works. When someone's sense of worth rests on being right, being told they are wrong costs more than the point is worth.

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8That flash of temper when someone meets a fact that undoes their story is not stupidity. It is a mind defending its own shape, which is a real need rather than a shameful one.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 2:286

Say this to yourself before you say anything to them, because contempt carries in the voice even when it stays out of the words. Being wrong and not knowing it is more comfortable than being wrong and knowing it, and people will pay a great deal to stay in the first state. If you leave someone a way to change their mind without losing face, they take it far more often than if you win.

Islamic evidence

Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make mistakes (Quran 2:286). The prayer asks for error to be met gently, which is a fair guide for how to meet it in someone else.

God does not burden any soul with more than it can bear: each gains whatever good it has done, and suffers its bad- ‘ Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make mistakes. Lord, do not burden us as You burdened those before us. Lord, do not burden us…

Qur'an 2:286

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis found that the need to appear perfect to others, which is not the same as the need to be perfect, is itself linked with psychopathology. So how a person is seen while being corrected is nothing trivial to them. The evidence is associational and comes from questionnaires rather than from watching real arguments.

Casale S, Svicher A, Fioravanti G, Hewitt PL, Flett GL, Pozza A. (2024). Clinical psychology & psychotherapy · doi

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Why it works. People defend a story hardest when losing it would mean losing their footing.

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9Anger runs on the word should, and should is a word about debt. Write out what you believe this person owes you, then mark which of those they ever actually agreed to.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism20 minutesQur'an 4:58

Most lists come out in two parts. There are the real agreements, said out loud and accepted, and there are the ones you assumed any decent person would keep. The second sort are worth either saying aloud, so they can be agreed or refused, or letting go of, because at present you are collecting on a debt the other person does not know exists.

Islamic evidence

God commands you [people] to return things entrusted to you to their rightful owners, and, if you judge between people, to do so with justice (Quran 4:58). The instruction reaches the judgements you make privately about what people owe you.

God commands you [people] to return things entrusted to you to their rightful owners, and, if you judge between people, to do so with justice: God’s instructions to you are excellent, for He hears and sees everything

Qur'an 4:58

Psychological evidence

In a randomised trial with 259 adults still troubled by something someone had done to them, a six week group programme aimed at forgiveness increased forgiveness and lowered both perceived stress and trait anger. Going at a specific grievance deliberately, over weeks, did more than waiting for it to fade. That was a structured group format, so the result belongs to the format rather than to one sitting with a pen.

Harris AH, Luskin F, Norman SB, Standard S, Bruning J, Evans S, Thoresen CE. (2006). Journal of clinical psychology · doi

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Why it works. An expectation nobody ever agreed to cannot be met, so it produces grievance instead.

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10Anger sticks around because it works, at least in the short run. Before trying to put it down, be honest about what it has been buying you.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism20 minutesQur'an 9:105

Usually it is some form of leverage: people move faster, back down, stop asking. Sometimes it is plainer than that, a way to feel like something rather than nothing. None of this makes you a bad person, but if the anger goes and the need stays, it will come back at the next opportunity. Name the payoff, then work out what else could deliver it, because that is the part that has to be built.

Islamic evidence

Take action! God will see your actions (Quran 9:105). The attention is turned to what you yourself are doing, which is where an honest look at your own payoff begins.

Say [Prophet], ‘Take action! God will see your actions- as will His Messenger and the believers- and then you will be returned to Him who knows what is seen and unseen, and He will tell you what you have been doing

Qur'an 9:105

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis of 53 post-treatment effect sizes found that programmes designed to help people forgive a particular hurt did help them do so, and that longer programmes achieved more. So there are alternatives to holding on, and they run on time rather than on a single decision. Those trials targeted forgiveness for a specific event, not anger as a standing habit.

Wade NG, Hoyt WT, Kidwell JE, Worthington EL. (2014). Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · doi

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Why it works. Behaviour that keeps getting a result keeps happening, whatever you have resolved about it.

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11Anger that your friends, your feed or your workplace rewards is the hardest kind to put down, because letting it go costs you something socially.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 5:8

Notice what would happen if you said the softer, more complicated thing in a group that is enjoying being angry together. If the honest answer is that you would lose standing, then you are not choosing freely, and it is worth knowing that about yourself. You can still hold the position. Just hold it because you have looked at it again, not because there was no room to think.

Islamic evidence

Do not let hatred of others lead you away from justice, but adhere to justice (Quran 5:8). Even a grievance everyone around you shares still has to keep its aim on what is fair.

You who believe, be steadfast in your devotion to God and bear witness impartially: do not let hatred of others lead you away from justice, but adhere to justice, for that is closer to awareness of God. Be mindful of God: God is well aware of all that you do

Qur'an 5:8

Psychological evidence

A systematic review and meta-analysis found that forgiveness focused therapy improved psychological health in people who had been through hurt, violence or trauma, which suggests the benefit of loosening a grip lands mostly on the person carrying it. What a culture rewards or punishes is a separate question, and this evidence does not answer it.

Akhtar S, Barlow J. (2018). Trauma, violence & abuse · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A grievance that earns you approval is being paid for, and paid habits are hard to stop.

When not to. This is not a suggestion that every grievance should be dropped, or that a serious wrong is really a question of tone.

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12There is a steadiness worth aiming for: hearing someone disagree with you without either going off at them or going quiet and small.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 31:17

Those are the two ways it usually falls over. Either the temper goes and the point is lost, or the confidence goes and you find yourself agreeing with things you do not think. Once you know which way you tend to fall, you can plan for it. A slower breath and a shorter sentence for the first. For the second, a line you have decided on beforehand and can say even while your voice shakes.

Islamic evidence

Command what is right; forbid what is wrong; bear anything that happens to you steadfastly (Quran 31:17). Speaking up and absorbing the friction that follows are given as one instruction, not as two options.

Keep up the prayer, my son; command what is right; forbid what is wrong; bear anything that happens to you steadfastly: these are things to be aspired to

Qur'an 31:17

Psychological evidence

A systematic review and meta-analysis found that compassion based interventions improved self-esteem, which is exactly the resource the second failure mode runs out of. The reviewers noted the trial base was small, so this is an encouraging line rather than a settled one.

Thomason S, Moghaddam N. (2021). Psychology and psychotherapy · doi

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Why it works. Losing your temper and losing your nerve both end the conversation, just in opposite directions.

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13When something in the room or in the wider world unsettles you, saying so as your own unease usually travels further than handing down a verdict.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 2:143

A verdict invites a counter verdict, and then the two of you are in a match. Naming what you notice in yourself gives the other person somewhere to stand while they think. It also leaves you room to be partly wrong, which you may well be, and it makes it easier for someone who half agrees to say the half.

Islamic evidence

We have made you [believers] into a just community, so that you may bear witness [to the truth] before others (Quran 2:143). Bearing witness is a middle position: you say what you have seen without taking the judge's seat.

We have made you [believers] into a just community, so that you may bear witness [to the truth] before others and so that the Messenger may bear witness [to it] before you. We only made the direction the one you used to face [Prophet] in order to distinguish…

Qur'an 2:143

Psychological evidence

A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies gathered how people themselves describe perfectionism feeding their anxiety and depression, and it adds texture that pooled effect sizes cannot carry. First person accounts do real work in understanding these states. Qualitative synthesis describes experience well, but it cannot establish cause.

Egan SJ, Wade TD, Fitzallen G, O'Brien A, Shafran R. (2022). Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy · doi

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Why it works. People will argue with a judgement, but they rarely argue with what you say you feel.

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14A fair share of what angers you each day was selected for you, because outrage is what holds attention. Worth asking what you are being served, and how often.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 49:6

Look back at the last hour of scrolling and count how many items were built to get exactly the reaction you gave them. You do not have to swear off the news to change this. Dropping one source, or moving it to a set time instead of all day, lowers the number of times your body gets called to arms before lunch.

Islamic evidence

If a troublemaker brings you news, check it first, in case you wrong others unwittingly and later regret what you have done (Quran 49:6). The instruction assumes provoking news will arrive, and it puts a step between its arrival and your response.

Believers, if a troublemaker brings you news, check it first, in case you wrong others unwittingly and later regret what you have done

Qur'an 49:6

Psychological evidence

In an experiment on vaccine messaging, both exposure to misinformation and exposure to corrective messages shifted people's anger and their attitudes. Anger at a perceived wrong is partly a product of the messages that reach you, not only of the wrong itself. It was one study on one topic, so take it as an illustration.

Featherstone JD, Zhang J. (2020). Journal of health communication · doi

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Why it works. Nobody stays calm about something they are shown twenty times a day.

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15Some of what makes people angry is far bigger than any one conversation can settle. Saying that plainly is not giving up, it stops you carrying what was never yours.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 22:78

If you are the calm one, at work or in a family or in a consulting room, there is a steady pull towards feeling you ought to be able to sort out the whole climate. You cannot, and the attempt tends to end in exhaustion and a quiet resentment that helps nobody. Do the piece in front of you properly, and let the size of the rest be true rather than a private failure.

Islamic evidence

He has chosen you and placed no hardship in your religion (Quran 22:78). What is asked of you is sized to you, and the temper of the whole world is not on that list.

Strive hard for God as is His due: He has chosen you and placed no hardship in your religion, the faith of your forefather Abraham. God has called you Muslims––both in the past and in this [message]––so that the Messenger can bear witness about you and so…

Qur'an 22:78

Psychological evidence

A review of five meta-analyses of forgiveness interventions drew out what separates the ones that work, chiefly deliberate structure and enough time. Even well designed programmes achieve a defined thing over a defined period, which is a fair picture of what any single piece of work can do. It reviews one family of interventions rather than making a general claim about scope.

Recine AC. (2015). Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association · doi

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Why it works. Aiming at a target you cannot reach turns steady effort into a constant sense of failing.

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16When someone is in full flood, leaving is allowed. Getting out of the way of a person who is past listening is a skill, not a defeat.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism60 secondsQur'an 42:41

You can say where you are going and that you will come back to it, which keeps it from reading as punishment. This matters most for anyone who was taught that walking away means you lost, because they will stay in a room that has stopped being safe just to avoid that feeling. Nothing useful is being decided at that volume anyway.

Islamic evidence

There is no cause to act against anyone who defends himself after being wronged (Quran 42:41). Leaving the room is the quietest form of protecting yourself, and no blame attaches to it.

There is no cause to act against anyone who defends himself after being wronged

Qur'an 42:41

Psychological evidence

A systematic review of programmes designed to build self-forgiveness found the evidence promising but mixed, with few well controlled trials. That is worth knowing because people often blame themselves afterwards for having walked out, and the help available for that guilt is real but thin. So expect the guilt, and do not read it as a verdict on the decision.

Vismaya A, Gopi A, Romate J, Rajkumar E. (2024). BMC psychology · doi

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Why it works. Nobody in a rage is taking in what you say, so staying costs you and buys nothing.

When not to. If you are frightened of the person, or leaving might not be safe, this needs a plan and outside help rather than a technique.

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17The alarm system behind your anger cannot be beaten into silence. It settles when it is understood and soothed, which is slower and far more reliable.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 3:159

So the moves that work are unglamorous: naming what is happening, granting that it made sense, taking the fear seriously instead of arguing it down. Suppression looks like control from the outside and feels like pressure from the inside, and pressure comes out somewhere. Roughly what you would offer a frightened friend is what the frightened part of you needs, which is an odd thing to practise, and it does work.

Islamic evidence

Had you been harsh, or hard-hearted, they would have dispersed and left you (Quran 3:159). Harshness scatters people, and that holds for the parts of yourself you are trying to get in hand.

By an act of mercy from God, you [Prophet] were gentle in your dealings with them- had you been harsh, or hard-hearted, they would have dispersed and left you- so pardon them and ask forgiveness for them. Consult with them about matters, then, when you have…

Qur'an 3:159

Psychological evidence

In a wait-list randomised trial, a loving-kindness programme reduced self-criticism among people who were highly self-critical. Warmth turned towards yourself did more than instruction to stop. The sample was small, so treat it as a promising line rather than a finished case.

Shahar B, Szsepsenwol O, Zilcha-Mano S, Haim N, Zamir O, Levi-Yeshuvi S, Levit-Binnun N. (2015). Clinical psychology & psychotherapy · doi

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Why it works. A threat system stands down when it feels heard, not when it is told off.

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