InInshirahislamically integrated self-help
ThemeRighteous anger and perfectionism
Time5 minutes
MomentAny
1If you are simmering most days and cannot point to what set it off, look at the standards you are running rather than at the day itself. A rule that is never quite met keeps producing small failures for you to react to.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 2:185

Try listing what you expected of this morning, hour by hour, and see how many of those expectations were met exactly. Most people find a long tail of near misses they never consciously registered but certainly felt. Loosening one of those rules, say the state of the kitchen or the reply that should have come by now, takes a few of the day's small alarms off the board.

Islamic evidence

God wants ease for you, not hardship (Quran 2:185). If a standard you are keeping produces only hardship, it is fair to ask whose standard it really is.

It was in the month of Ramadan that the Quran was revealed as guidance for mankind, clear messages giving guidance and distinguishing between right and wrong. So any one of you who is present that month should fast, and anyone who is ill or on a journey…

Qur'an 2:185

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis separating two sides of perfectionism found that perfectionistic concerns, the self-criticism and the fear of falling short, carry the associations with depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and eating disorders, while simply holding high standards shows much weaker links. So the trouble is not caring about doing things well. It is the harsh appraisal attached to every shortfall. These are associations pooled across studies, not proof of which way the causation runs.

Limburg K, Watson HJ, Hagger MS, Egan SJ. (2017). Journal of clinical psychology · doi

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Why it works. Every unmet standard registers as something going wrong, so a strict standard means more things going wrong all day.

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2However you speak to yourself about your own mistakes is usually how you will end up thinking about other people's. Going easier on yourself is not a treat you have not earned, it is part of getting easier on everyone else.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 4:28

Watch for it in small moments. You snap at someone for being slow, and if you are honest you would have flayed yourself for exactly the same thing. There is rarely a second, kinder rulebook kept in reserve for other people. So pick one thing you would forgive in a friend, practise forgiving it in yourself, and then see whether your patience with them shifts.

Islamic evidence

God wishes to lighten your burden; man was created weak (Quran 4:28). Weakness is written into the design, yours as much as theirs.

God wishes to lighten your burden; man was created weak

Qur'an 4:28

Psychological evidence

A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials found that interventions built around self-compassion do reduce self-criticism. That matters here because it means the inner harshness can be trained down rather than being fixed. What was measured was self-criticism itself, so reading it as evidence about your temper with other people goes a step past the data.

Wakelin KE, Perman G, Simonds LM. (2022). Clinical psychology & psychotherapy · doi

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Why it works. You measure other people with the same instrument you use on yourself, so softening it softens both.

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3Some anger is really an expectation that will not be put down. The other person has moved on, the thing is over, and you are still holding the version of how it should have gone.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 23:62

The tell is a short fuse over things that barely matter: a queue, a misplaced item, someone doing a job their own way. When frustration arrives that fast and that often, the useful work is less about calming down afterwards and more about being able to release a fixed picture at all. It can help to ask what you would actually be giving up by letting this one go, and whether it costs what you fear it costs.

Islamic evidence

We do not burden any soul with more than it can bear (Quran 23:62). The standard set for you is matched to your capacity, which is a fair model for what to ask of anyone else.

We do not burden any soul with more than it can bear- We have a Record that tells the truth- they will not be wronged

Qur'an 23:62

Psychological evidence

A conceptual and quantitative review argues that irritability can be told apart from other symptoms and that it predicts later clinical outcomes. So a persistent short fuse is worth taking seriously in its own right rather than filing under how someone simply is. That review examined the construct, and it is not a trial of any treatment for it.

Pablo Vidal‐Ribas; Melissa A. Brotman; Isabel Cristina Puente Valdivieso; Ellen Leibenluft; Argyris Stringaris (2016). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi

Review detail

Why it works. The anger keeps flaring while the expectation is still being held, because the mismatch is still there.

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4When something is genuinely wrong, try saying the whole sentence: this is wrong, it should not be like this, and it is. Then ask how it came to be, before asking what to do.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 49:9

The word should keeps you in the courtroom, where the only available outcome is a verdict. Asking why moves you into how the thing actually happened, which is the only place anything can change. Nobody is asking you to approve of it. You can hold that it is wrong and still get curious about how it came about, and most people notice the heat drop a little once they are explaining rather than sentencing.

Islamic evidence

Make a just and even-handed reconciliation between the two of them (Quran 49:9). Even where wrongdoing is named plainly, the destination given is a settlement rather than a verdict.

If two groups of the believers fight, you [believers] should try to reconcile them; if one of them is [clearly] oppressing the other, fight the oppressors until they submit to God’s command, then make a just and even-handed reconciliation between the two of…

Qur'an 49:9

Psychological evidence

In a randomised writing experiment with 182 students who had been hurt by someone, those assigned to write about it in a concrete, experiential way became less unforgiving and less distressed, and it buffered the effect of stewing on the event. How they went back over it mattered, not merely whether they did. It was a single writing study with students, so hold it lightly.

Liao KY, Wei M, Russell DW, Abraham WT. (2012). Journal of clinical psychology · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Working out how something happened runs in a different gear from judging it, and that gear is cooler.

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5That flash of temper when someone meets a fact that undoes their story is not stupidity. It is a mind defending its own shape, which is a real need rather than a shameful one.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 2:286

Say this to yourself before you say anything to them, because contempt carries in the voice even when it stays out of the words. Being wrong and not knowing it is more comfortable than being wrong and knowing it, and people will pay a great deal to stay in the first state. If you leave someone a way to change their mind without losing face, they take it far more often than if you win.

Islamic evidence

Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make mistakes (Quran 2:286). The prayer asks for error to be met gently, which is a fair guide for how to meet it in someone else.

God does not burden any soul with more than it can bear: each gains whatever good it has done, and suffers its bad- ‘ Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make mistakes. Lord, do not burden us as You burdened those before us. Lord, do not burden us…

Qur'an 2:286

Psychological evidence

A meta-analysis found that the need to appear perfect to others, which is not the same as the need to be perfect, is itself linked with psychopathology. So how a person is seen while being corrected is nothing trivial to them. The evidence is associational and comes from questionnaires rather than from watching real arguments.

Casale S, Svicher A, Fioravanti G, Hewitt PL, Flett GL, Pozza A. (2024). Clinical psychology & psychotherapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. People defend a story hardest when losing it would mean losing their footing.

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6Anger that your friends, your feed or your workplace rewards is the hardest kind to put down, because letting it go costs you something socially.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 5:8

Notice what would happen if you said the softer, more complicated thing in a group that is enjoying being angry together. If the honest answer is that you would lose standing, then you are not choosing freely, and it is worth knowing that about yourself. You can still hold the position. Just hold it because you have looked at it again, not because there was no room to think.

Islamic evidence

Do not let hatred of others lead you away from justice, but adhere to justice (Quran 5:8). Even a grievance everyone around you shares still has to keep its aim on what is fair.

You who believe, be steadfast in your devotion to God and bear witness impartially: do not let hatred of others lead you away from justice, but adhere to justice, for that is closer to awareness of God. Be mindful of God: God is well aware of all that you do

Qur'an 5:8

Psychological evidence

A systematic review and meta-analysis found that forgiveness focused therapy improved psychological health in people who had been through hurt, violence or trauma, which suggests the benefit of loosening a grip lands mostly on the person carrying it. What a culture rewards or punishes is a separate question, and this evidence does not answer it.

Akhtar S, Barlow J. (2018). Trauma, violence & abuse · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A grievance that earns you approval is being paid for, and paid habits are hard to stop.

When not to. This is not a suggestion that every grievance should be dropped, or that a serious wrong is really a question of tone.

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7There is a steadiness worth aiming for: hearing someone disagree with you without either going off at them or going quiet and small.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 31:17

Those are the two ways it usually falls over. Either the temper goes and the point is lost, or the confidence goes and you find yourself agreeing with things you do not think. Once you know which way you tend to fall, you can plan for it. A slower breath and a shorter sentence for the first. For the second, a line you have decided on beforehand and can say even while your voice shakes.

Islamic evidence

Command what is right; forbid what is wrong; bear anything that happens to you steadfastly (Quran 31:17). Speaking up and absorbing the friction that follows are given as one instruction, not as two options.

Keep up the prayer, my son; command what is right; forbid what is wrong; bear anything that happens to you steadfastly: these are things to be aspired to

Qur'an 31:17

Psychological evidence

A systematic review and meta-analysis found that compassion based interventions improved self-esteem, which is exactly the resource the second failure mode runs out of. The reviewers noted the trial base was small, so this is an encouraging line rather than a settled one.

Thomason S, Moghaddam N. (2021). Psychology and psychotherapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Losing your temper and losing your nerve both end the conversation, just in opposite directions.

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8When something in the room or in the wider world unsettles you, saying so as your own unease usually travels further than handing down a verdict.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 2:143

A verdict invites a counter verdict, and then the two of you are in a match. Naming what you notice in yourself gives the other person somewhere to stand while they think. It also leaves you room to be partly wrong, which you may well be, and it makes it easier for someone who half agrees to say the half.

Islamic evidence

We have made you [believers] into a just community, so that you may bear witness [to the truth] before others (Quran 2:143). Bearing witness is a middle position: you say what you have seen without taking the judge's seat.

We have made you [believers] into a just community, so that you may bear witness [to the truth] before others and so that the Messenger may bear witness [to it] before you. We only made the direction the one you used to face [Prophet] in order to distinguish…

Qur'an 2:143

Psychological evidence

A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies gathered how people themselves describe perfectionism feeding their anxiety and depression, and it adds texture that pooled effect sizes cannot carry. First person accounts do real work in understanding these states. Qualitative synthesis describes experience well, but it cannot establish cause.

Egan SJ, Wade TD, Fitzallen G, O'Brien A, Shafran R. (2022). Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. People will argue with a judgement, but they rarely argue with what you say you feel.

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9A fair share of what angers you each day was selected for you, because outrage is what holds attention. Worth asking what you are being served, and how often.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 49:6

Look back at the last hour of scrolling and count how many items were built to get exactly the reaction you gave them. You do not have to swear off the news to change this. Dropping one source, or moving it to a set time instead of all day, lowers the number of times your body gets called to arms before lunch.

Islamic evidence

If a troublemaker brings you news, check it first, in case you wrong others unwittingly and later regret what you have done (Quran 49:6). The instruction assumes provoking news will arrive, and it puts a step between its arrival and your response.

Believers, if a troublemaker brings you news, check it first, in case you wrong others unwittingly and later regret what you have done

Qur'an 49:6

Psychological evidence

In an experiment on vaccine messaging, both exposure to misinformation and exposure to corrective messages shifted people's anger and their attitudes. Anger at a perceived wrong is partly a product of the messages that reach you, not only of the wrong itself. It was one study on one topic, so take it as an illustration.

Featherstone JD, Zhang J. (2020). Journal of health communication · doi

Review detail

Why it works. Nobody stays calm about something they are shown twenty times a day.

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10Some of what makes people angry is far bigger than any one conversation can settle. Saying that plainly is not giving up, it stops you carrying what was never yours.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 22:78

If you are the calm one, at work or in a family or in a consulting room, there is a steady pull towards feeling you ought to be able to sort out the whole climate. You cannot, and the attempt tends to end in exhaustion and a quiet resentment that helps nobody. Do the piece in front of you properly, and let the size of the rest be true rather than a private failure.

Islamic evidence

He has chosen you and placed no hardship in your religion (Quran 22:78). What is asked of you is sized to you, and the temper of the whole world is not on that list.

Strive hard for God as is His due: He has chosen you and placed no hardship in your religion, the faith of your forefather Abraham. God has called you Muslims––both in the past and in this [message]––so that the Messenger can bear witness about you and so…

Qur'an 22:78

Psychological evidence

A review of five meta-analyses of forgiveness interventions drew out what separates the ones that work, chiefly deliberate structure and enough time. Even well designed programmes achieve a defined thing over a defined period, which is a fair picture of what any single piece of work can do. It reviews one family of interventions rather than making a general claim about scope.

Recine AC. (2015). Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association · doi

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Why it works. Aiming at a target you cannot reach turns steady effort into a constant sense of failing.

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11The alarm system behind your anger cannot be beaten into silence. It settles when it is understood and soothed, which is slower and far more reliable.
CoreRighteous anger and perfectionism5 minutesQur'an 3:159

So the moves that work are unglamorous: naming what is happening, granting that it made sense, taking the fear seriously instead of arguing it down. Suppression looks like control from the outside and feels like pressure from the inside, and pressure comes out somewhere. Roughly what you would offer a frightened friend is what the frightened part of you needs, which is an odd thing to practise, and it does work.

Islamic evidence

Had you been harsh, or hard-hearted, they would have dispersed and left you (Quran 3:159). Harshness scatters people, and that holds for the parts of yourself you are trying to get in hand.

By an act of mercy from God, you [Prophet] were gentle in your dealings with them- had you been harsh, or hard-hearted, they would have dispersed and left you- so pardon them and ask forgiveness for them. Consult with them about matters, then, when you have…

Qur'an 3:159

Psychological evidence

In a wait-list randomised trial, a loving-kindness programme reduced self-criticism among people who were highly self-critical. Warmth turned towards yourself did more than instruction to stop. The sample was small, so treat it as a promising line rather than a finished case.

Shahar B, Szsepsenwol O, Zilcha-Mano S, Haim N, Zamir O, Levi-Yeshuvi S, Levit-Binnun N. (2015). Clinical psychology & psychotherapy · doi

Review detail

Why it works. A threat system stands down when it feels heard, not when it is told off.

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