If you need help now someone to contact, by country

Lesson 2 of 6 · The false alarm

How it holds itself in place

The alarm going off is not the problem. What happens in the seconds after it goes off is the problem. Follow the loop round once.

What the research says

What keeps anxiety going is not the alarm itself but what you do immediately afterwards to feel safe, because that is what stops the belief ever being tested. The alarm is not the problem to solve.

What keeps anxiety alive is not the alarm but what a person does straight afterwards to make themselves safe, because that is what stops the belief ever being tested.

Salkovskis PM (1991). The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: a cognitive account. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19(1), 6 to 19 doi

An avoidance response outlives the danger that taught it, because it keeps being rewarded by relief and never gets the chance to fade. Nothing has gone wrong with you for it to still be there.

Reviews why an avoidance response outlives the danger that taught it. The response keeps being rewarded by relief, so it never gets the chance to fall away.

Krypotos AM, Effting M, Kindt M, Beckers T (2015). Avoidance learning: a review of theoretical models and recent developments. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 189 doi

The relief is what teaches the alarm it was right, so next time it fires faster. The diagram shows a loop running through: Trigger, then This is dangerous, then The body alarm fires, then Escape, check, or avoid, then Relief, within minutes.