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Lesson 4 of 6 · What sabr is, and what it is not

Sabr is not silence, and it is not staying

Sabr in the Qur'an is endurance in obedience, in hardship that has come upon you, and in restraint from wrong. It is a quality of a person standing firm.

It is not a duty to absorb another person's wrongdoing indefinitely so that he is never inconvenienced by consequences. Nothing in the word carries that. A person who leaves a harmful house and rebuilds a life is exercising sabr the entire time. Sabr describes how you carry what you carry. It does not tell you to pick up more.

Ibn al-Qayyim draws the same distinction in Uddat al-Sabirin, and he draws it about complaint. He writes: وأما قوله على غير وجه الشكوى فالشكوى نوعان أحدهما الشكوى إلى الله فهذا لا ينافي الصبر. Our rendering, not a published translation: complaint is of two kinds, and one of them is complaint to Allah, and that does not contradict sabr. He then names Ya'qub, who said he pleads his grief and his sorrow before God while also speaking of a beautiful patience, and Ayyub, who said that suffering had afflicted him, and whom Allah describes as patient.

There is also a passage in the Qur'an worth reading slowly, with nobody drawing a conclusion from it for you. A man came running to Musa to tell him that the authorities were talking about killing him, and told him to leave, and the verse calls that sincere advice. Musa left. The Book records that he left fearful and wary, and that he prayed to be saved from people who do wrong. Later somebody tells him he is safe now. Nothing in the passage treats the leaving as a failure of patience or of trust, and the fear is recorded without being corrected.

And notice what the instruction is usually attached to. It is almost always given to the person with less power, by somebody with more, about a situation that would cost the speaker something to look at properly.

Qur’an and Sunnah

Read this passage slowly, with nobody drawing a conclusion from it for you. A man came running to tell Musa that the authorities were talking about killing him, and told him to leave. The verse calls that sincere advice.

وَجَآءَ رَجُلࣱ مِّنۡ أَقۡصَا ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ يَسۡعَىٰ قَالَ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّ ٱلۡمَلَأَ يَأۡتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقۡتُلُوكَ فَٱخۡرُجۡ إِنِّي لَكَ مِنَ ٱلنَّٰصِحِينَ

Then a man came running from the furthest part of the city and said, ‘Moses, the authorities are talking about killing you, so leave- this is my sincere advice.’

Qur’an 28:20

Musa left. The fear he left with is recorded, and it is recorded without being corrected.

فَخَرَجَ مِنۡهَا خَآئِفࣰ ا يَتَرَقَّبُۖ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِي مِنَ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

So Moses left the city, fearful and wary, and prayed, ‘My Lord, save me from people who do wrong.’

Qur’an 28:21

And later somebody tells him he is safe now. Nothing in the passage treats the leaving as a failure of patience or of trust.

فَجَآءَتۡهُ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا تَمۡشِي عَلَى ٱسۡتِحۡيَآءࣲ قَالَتۡ إِنَّ أَبِي يَدۡعُوكَ لِيَجۡزِيَكَ أَجۡرَ مَا سَقَيۡتَ لَنَاۚ فَلَمَّا جَآءَهُۥ وَقَصَّ عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡقَصَصَ قَالَ لَا تَخَفۡۖ نَجَوۡتَ مِنَ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

and then one of the two women approached him, walking shyly, and said, ‘My father is asking for you: he wants to reward you for watering our flocks for us.’ When Moses came to him and told him his story, the old man said, ‘Do not be afraid, you are safe now from people who do wrong.’

Qur’an 28:25

Translation: M.A.S. Abdel Haleem, The Qur'an, Oxford University Press, 2004.

What sabr is, and what it is not · Inshirah