Practices

Every practice in the library, in one list. Narrow it by how long you have, who it is written for, and where you are right now.

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Medication does not simply turn the brain up. On scans the regions that should be busy during a task get busier, and the ones that should stay quiet settle.

That detail matters more than it sounds. It says the trouble is one of aim rather than a shortage of effort, which is the opposite of what many…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 16:69One line of research

Watch someone on a laboratory stop task and two things move together on medication: the fidgeting drops and the stopping gets more accurate.

Holding still and holding back turn out to run on the same machinery. That is why inhibition sits underneath so much else, from waiting your turn to…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 4:28One line of research

In simulator work the biggest improvements on medication show up in the drivers who were worst without it: stopping properly, slowing for an amber, actually looking around.

That pattern is quietly reassuring. A drug that made everyone sharper would lift the good drivers as well, and this does not look like that. It looks…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 55:8One line of research

When you are weighing up whether a teenager is ready for something, it helps to think in two thirds. A fifteen year old may be handling responsibility more like a twelve or thirteen year old.

This is not an insult and it should never be delivered as one. It is a way of explaining why a privilege arrives later here than for their friends,…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 2:286

Looking for a whole subject rather than a single practice? Start from the nine areas.

Feeling from the inside

Structure and routine

What you are actually defending

The cost of avoiding

Breaking the worry loop

Reading, numbers and learning differences

Remembering to do it

Being seen and judged

Growing empathy

Facing it a step at a time

Making it stick

Treatment and medication

When you use something to cope

Righteous anger and perfectionism

Obsessions and compulsions

Tolerate distress

When anger turns to harm

Staying regulated in conflict

Posture and how you carry yourself

When you go numb

Listening and understanding

Question the thought

Shared spiritual life

Use your strengths

Living with uncertainty

Rituals of connection

Anger, alcohol and the body

Act on your values

Meaning after harm

Your window of tolerance

Notice the pattern and flex

Let the wave come

Help someone grieving

Get it out of your head

Face it gently

Letting it out safely

Your worth is not conditional

One line of research

Offered ten pounds now or twenty in an hour, plenty of people with attention difficulties take the ten and know while they are doing it that it makes no sense. The pull towards now is not a flaw of character.

It shows up in a laboratory and it shows up on a bank statement. Naming it helps, because a thing with a name can be planned around: money moved by…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 65:3One line of research

Debt, impulsive spending, an account that never quite recovers: this belongs in the conversation about attention rather than in a separate drawer marked shame.

People hide this part longer than anything else, which means it is usually the last thing to get any help. If you are the one struggling, saying it…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 33:5One line of research

You may hear that being treated as a child leaves an advantage that lasts even after you stop. It is a comforting claim and the strongest evidence does not quite bear it out.

The best known childhood trial followed its participants into their twenties. The early advantage of the assigned treatment faded, and the group…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 17:35One line of research

Before you explain anything about medication, ask what the person already believes about it. You cannot correct a worry that has never been said out loud.

Most people arrive carrying something: a cousin who could not sleep, a headline, a parent with a strong view. Lead with your own information and you…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 42:38One line of research

Stimulants are not the only licensed route. Atomoxetine, guanfacine and clonidine all hold approval for attention difficulties, and they matter when a stimulant cannot be used.

They usually sit after stimulants rather than beside them, because the comparative evidence still favours stimulants overall. They come into their…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 73:20One line of research

Atomoxetine works on noradrenaline alone, which is why it can help genuinely and still feel milder than a stimulant. That is the trade being made rather than a sign it is failing.

Noradrenaline at the front of the brain helps a signal stand out from the background noise, so lifting it steadies working memory and attention.…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 16:69One line of research

None of the non-stimulants should be stopped suddenly. Guanfacine and clonidine began life as blood pressure medicines, and taking them away all at once can send blood pressure sharply back up.

Atomoxetine has its own unpleasant discontinuation effects, closer to those of an antidepressant. So a break because a prescription ran out, or…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 16:43One line of research

Guanfacine and clonidine arrived here sideways. Both were blood pressure medicines that doctors noticed helped with impulsivity, and the formal approval came long afterwards.

They act on receptors at the front of the brain that support working memory and holding a response back, which is a different route from the reuptake…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 20:114One line of research

In practice the non-stimulants turn up more often as an addition than on their own. A stimulant in the morning with guanfacine alongside it is a common shape.

The two act at different points of the same circuit, so they tend to complement rather than repeat each other, and the blood pressure effect of one…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 42:38One line of research

Where anxiety sits alongside the attention difficulty, a non-stimulant is sometimes the better first choice. Stimulants sharpen anxiety in some people, and that is a hard trade to live with.

The same holds when blood pressure rises on a stimulant that is otherwise working, since adding an alpha-2 agent can make it possible to keep the…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 21:83One line of research

A heart tracing before starting a stimulant is not routinely needed. Some practices still ask for one anyway, and it can hold a child up for months.

What the guidance asks for is a careful history and an examination, with a tracing kept for children whose own or family history warrants it. An…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 17:36One line of research

Canada once pulled a stimulant from the market after four cardiac deaths, then reversed the decision. Three of the four had heart abnormalities from birth and the fourth had been hiking in desert heat without water.

A handful of deaths with nothing to compare them against cannot tell you what caused them. That is an uncomfortable thing to say about people who…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 49:6One line of research

The stimulant shortage is not your pharmacy being disorganised. Regulators set a fixed annual quota of the raw material, and the ceiling has been too low to cover the prescriptions being written.

Knowing that changes what you do with your energy. Ringing round twenty chemists is exhausting and it creates no supply, so spend the effort on…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 9:91One line of research

When a prescription cannot be filled, you can report it to the medicines regulator's shortage inbox, naming the medication and the pharmacy. Nobody writes back, and people often find their prescription turns up soon afterwards.

The value of this is partly practical and partly in not being stuck. Being told no at a counter, month after month, is what makes people quietly…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 65:3One line of research

When a dose wears off, things can feel worse than they ever did untreated. A good deal of that is contrast rather than the medicine leaving a debt behind.

You have spent the day at one level and then meet your own baseline without warning, late in the afternoon, usually with something still to do.…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 55:8One line of research

A small short-acting dose in the afternoon, on top of the long-acting one, is ordinary practice rather than a special case. Homework and the evening drive often fall outside what the morning dose still reaches.

The hours when you most need to hold back are frequently the hours the medicine has stopped covering. Raising the morning dose to solve an early…

Five minutesMedication and how it worksMedical and treatmentQur’an 73:20One line of research